Type of Building Code

Type of Building Code

• Cooling Based
• Prescriptive Codes
• Trade Off
• Performance Codes for Refurbishments

  Performance based requirements based on calculated final energy and post occupancy energy measurement.

• Performance Codes for New Builds

  Performance based requirements based on calculated final energy and post occupancy energy measurement.

• Energy Declaration
• Model / reference Building
• Mix of different models / Hybrids

Energy Covered

Basis for Energy Requirements

• Overall performance frame

  Most buildings are required to meet an overall performance frame and It shall be possible to continuously monitor the building’s energy use by a method of measurement. The method shall ensure that the energy use of the building can be read to enable calculation of the building’s energy use for the desired time period.

• Final Energy

  The performance of final energy [kWh/m2 Atemp] is calculated using the measured values from heating and cooling energy, as well as energy used for the ventilation system, domestic hot water and for the property’s energy, including for example pumps and lighting in public spaces; all this is divided by the area [Atemp] of the building that is intended to be heated to over 10 °C.

• Primary Energy
• Life Cycle Assessment considered (embedded energy)

Energy Uses and Functions Covered by the Code

• Heating

  Heating installations in buildings shall be designed in such a way that they provide adequate efficiency during normal operation. Heating systems shall be fitted with automatic regulation equipment to ensure the supply of heating and cooling is regulated in accordance with the power demand in relation to the outdoor and indoor climate and the intended use of the building.

• Cooling

  The building's need for comfort cooling shall be minimised (Instead of installing cooling systems you should, if possible, choose other measures such as sun-shading and reduce internal heat loads through electrically efficient lighting and equipment). Cooling installations in buildings shall be designed in such a way that they provide adequate efficiency during normal operation.

• Dehumidification
• Ventilation

  Building services installations, which require electrical energy, such as ventilation, shall be designed to ensure the power requirement is limited and energy is used efficiently. HVAC systems shall be fitted with automatic regulation equipment to ensure the supply of heating and cooling is regulated in accordance with the power demand in relation to the outdoor and indoor climate and the intended use of the building. HVAC systems shall be designed, insulated and sealed to ensure energy losses are limited

• Airtightness

  The building envelope's airtightness shall be sufficient so that the requirements for the building’s specific energy use and installed electric power rating for heating are met. 0.61 l/(s.m2) at 50 Pa.

• Thermal bridging
• Hot water

  Included in total energy use measured.

• Technical installations

  Included in total energy use measured.

• Lighting

  Built-in installations only.

• Appliances
• Design, position & orientation of building

  Encouraged, but only the “measured” energy is accounted for, not energy from passive systems.

• Heat recovery

  Specific requirements for air supply systems that include or do not include heat recovery.

• Passive solar
• Passive cooling
• Natural ventilation

  Encouraged, but only the “measured” energy is accounted for, not energy from passive systems.

• Solar protection
• Daylighting requirements

  The chapter in the code called Health, Hygiene and the Environment includes a sub-clause dealing with light, daylight and sunlight. Every building must have some daylight into the appartements and there is also demands for daylight in every room that is often occupied.

• Renewable Energy (solar, PV, others)

  The building's specific energy use may be reduced by solar energy, No requirement in building regulations, but there are requirements in relation to electricity supply mix by RE certificates.

• Local renewable sources
• Energy Offsets/Green Certificates

Enforcement

Type of Enforcement

• Local enforcement
  Local public building boards and certified Control responsible persons for the byggherre.
• Third party inspection
  Declarations can only be issued by an Independent Expert (IE) (juridical person). IEs are accredited companies duly qualified, through a person in a leading position, who is certified as an Energy expert, according to the CEX regulation, and is accredited by the Swedish Board for Accreditation and Conformity Assessment, SWEDAC, according to the international standard ISO 17020.
• Central enforcement
• Accreditation of applicants
• Post Occupancy control
  The building’s energy use, and the requirements in Sections 9:2 and 9:3 may be verified by measuring and summing up the amounts of energy (kWh) supplied to the building for heating, comfort cooling, hot tap water and the building's property energy.

On-site Inspections Occur

• On-site inspections
• During construction
• Post completion
  Not known at this stage.
• Post occupancy

Certification to Support Enforcement of Code

• Energy Performance Certificate support BC
• Positive labeling for building beyond the minimum BC level
• Existence of EPC register database at national level
  The National Register of Energy Certificates (Griffon) administered by the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning.
• Number of certified buildings
  As of September 2010.
• Inspection of boilers
• Inspection of HVAC systems
  The inspection of air conditioning systems in Sweden is included in the declaration system and is carried out at the same time and its records kept in the same register as the declaration. Inspections of air conditioning systems started together with the declaration system in 2007.

Penalties for Non-compliance

• None
• Fine
  Buildings are given an interim building permit so that the building can be occupied and then energy use measured. The byggherre gets to adjust the building if it doesn´t comply. This can be driven with fines.
• Imprisonment
• Refusal of permission to occupy
• Refusal of permission to construct
• Demolition

Measures Supporting Enforcement

• Commissioning requirements
  Compulsory ventilation commissioning before occupation.
• Airtightness testing required prior to compliance
  No air tightness demands because of the overall energy measurement demand. Thus no blower door test.
• Mandatory Computer Modeling
  There is no mandatory calculation because energy use is measured post occupation.
• Training of Inspectors
  Within CEX, the level of education, experience and suitability is graded into the three different levels below. Within the accreditation system, SWEDAC scrutinises all companies that intend to continue being accredited at least once a year, goes through their quality assurance programmes and other parts of their work, and also checks a specific number of the declarations issued by the company.
• Other

Values for New Buildings

Code History and Future Targets

• How far in advance are future targets set?

  2015-2020
• Are stakeholders informed of future targets far in advance?

  Yes

Zero Energy Targets

• Are all end uses considered in the target?
• Is there a realistic roadmap towards ZEB
• National Target date for nZEB

  2020

• Special Requirements for public buildings

Supporting Measures

• Incentives/Rewards to Encourage People to go beyond Minimum Level?
• Involvement of Stakeholders in the Development of Codes
• Level of Training Provided to Stakeholders Following Implementation of Code?
• Provision of Appropriate Information for General Public
• Education Systems to Ensure Capacity
• Supporting Labeling Schemes
• Supporting Certification Schemes
• Codes Free to Access?