Type of Building Code

Type of Building Code

• Cooling Based
• Prescriptive Codes
• Trade Off

  Building envelope trade-off option. When the building design is incapable of fully meeting the specified building envelope thermotechnical design requirements, through calculating and comparing the year-round heating and air conditioning energy consumption of the reference building and the designed building, the total thermotechnical performance of the building envelope shall be judged to meet the energy efficiency design requirements or not.

• Performance Codes for Refurbishments

  Partially, based on reference building calculation.

• Performance Codes for New Builds

  Partially, based on reference building calculation.

• Energy Declaration
• Model / reference Building

  In addition to the prescriptive requirements above, the public building standard contain performance options whereby a building is deemed to meet the standard so long as its calculated building energy use is below that of a reference building. This “custom budget” approach is similar to that used in US standards such as ASHRAE 90.1, and differs from the “fixed budget” approach used in several other Asian countries.

• Mix of different models / Hybrids

Energy Covered

Basis for Energy Requirements

• Overall performance frame
• Final Energy

  The custom budget method is used during the design stage. The energy used in the simulation is based on site energy.

• Primary Energy
• Life Cycle Assessment considered (embedded energy)

Energy Uses and Functions Covered by the Code

• Heating

  In the detailed design phase, the heat load must be calculated item by item. Hot water should be used as the heat source for district heating systems. There are requirements for heating system loop design and layout, installation and design of radiators, and installation of pressure balance devices in water loop branches. For public buildings with tall spaces, radiant heating systems are recommended. Monitoring and control requirements.

• Cooling

  In the detailed design phase, the cooling load must be calculated item by item. System efficiency requirements, Monitoring and control requirements.

• Dehumidification
• Ventilation

  Efficiency requirements, variable air volume systems and variable speed drives encouraged. Many specifc requirements depending on the type of system. Monitoring and control requirements

• Airtightness

  Partially, the provisions 4.2.10 and 4.2.11 mention air-tightness. They indicates the specific provisions should refer to national standards of "GB 7107 Graduation and Test Method for Air Permeability Performance of Windows, " and "GB/T 15225 Gradation for Physical Properties of Building Curtain Wall," respectively.

• Thermal bridging

  Partially, some requirements.

• Hot water

  Boiler efficiency requirements, New buildings may not use electric boilers and electric water heaters for heating.

• Technical installations
• Lighting

  The lighting energy efficiency design of the public buildings shall meet the relevant regulations of the current national standard - "GB 50034-2004 Design Standard for Architectural Lighting". Lighting power density requirements.

• Appliances
• Design, position & orientation of building

  The arrangement and design of the building layout should utilize the winter sunshine and sheer off the most frequent wind direction in winter, and utilize the summer natural ventilation. The main exposure of the building should choose the optimal exposure or nearly optimal exposure in the local area.

• Heat recovery
• Passive solar

  The arrangement and design of the building layout should utilize the winter sunshine (utilizing passive heating) and sheer off the most frequent wind direction in winter (avoiding heat loss), and utilize the summer natural ventilation (natural ventilation). The main exposure of the building should choose the optimal exposure or nearly optimal exposure in the local area (This addresses the position and orientation to take advantage of dalighting, passive heating, and natural ventilation).

• Passive cooling
• Natural ventilation

  The arrangement and design of the building layout should utilize the winter sunshine and sheer off the most frequent wind direction in winter, and utilize the summer natural ventilation.

• Solar protection
• Daylighting requirements
• Renewable Energy (solar, PV, others)

  Partially, China encourages the utilization of renewable and new technologies to improve building energy efficiency. One of objectives of building energy codes is to make sure new buildings meet the minimum building energy performance.

• Local renewable sources
• Energy Offsets/Green Certificates

Enforcement

Type of Enforcement

• Local enforcement
  Local goverments required to carry out plan/specification reviews and onsite inspections.
• Third party inspection
  Third party inspectors are used in some regions to demonstrate compliance and to inspect technical systems.
• Central enforcement
• Accreditation of applicants
• Post Occupancy control

On-site Inspections Occur

• On-site inspections
• During construction
• Post completion
• Post occupancy

Certification to Support Enforcement of Code

• Energy Performance Certificate support BC
• Positive labeling for building beyond the minimum BC level
• Existence of EPC register database at national level
• Inspection of boilers
  Not known at this stage.
• Inspection of HVAC systems
  Not known at this stage.

Penalties for Non-compliance

• None
• Fine
• Imprisonment
• Refusal of permission to occupy
• Refusal of permission to construct
  Non-compliance of DSEEPB will lead to no construction permit issued by local construction agency.
• Demolition

Measures Supporting Enforcement

• Commissioning requirements
  Not known at this stage.
• Airtightness testing required prior to compliance
  None.
• Mandatory Computer Modeling
  No.
• Training of Inspectors
  Not known at this stage.
• Other

Values for New Buildings

Code History and Future Targets

Zero Energy Targets

• Definition of nZEB/ZEB/Plus Energy etc
• Are all end uses considered in the target?

  Not at this stage.

• Is there a realistic roadmap towards ZEB
• National Target date for nZEB

  China is currently at the studying stage of these definitions and concepts.

• Special Requirements for public buildings

Supporting Measures

• Involvement of Stakeholders in the Development of Codes

Evaluation