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德国

Summary

EnEV是一部绩效型建筑规范，它要求进行强制性（等效示范建筑物）能源框架计算以确定住宅和非住宅建筑物的预计一次能耗。规范涉及计算中的热封套要求以及耗能或造能系统，包括HVAC、热水、照明（仅限非住宅）、生物气候设计和可再生能源。此规范将围护热工性能要求、耗能和产能系统纳入计算当中，包括HVAC、热水、照明（只限于非住宅用）、生物气候设计和可再生能源等。

德国自1977年起就制定了自己的指定型建筑能效要求。在2002年实施EPBD后，德国首次颁布自己的绩效型建筑规范。规范的2012年版和支持政策涉及很多进步方面，包括与气候有关的低化最大U值、强制计算机模拟、气密性要求、激励方案、频繁锅炉和HVAC测试、严格的EPC计划、自愿性低能耗分类，以及制定了在2020年前建造气候友好型建筑物的国家目标。

 

General information

Full name of the code: 德国2012年节能法规（EnEV）
Year of Adoption: 2012
:
Authority in Charge: Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development, Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology.
:

Remit Code

Geographical Coverage: Germany
Code set at: National

Coverage

  • Residential buildings
    • One family
    • Multiple family buildings
    • Other buildings
  • Commercial buildings
    • Offices
    • Retail and wholesale
    • Hotels
    • Hospitals
    • Educational buildings
    • Other buildings
      • The energy performance requirement is based on an equivalent model building and measured as kWh/m2/year of primary energy
  • Industrial buildings
  • Large Cities
  • All urban buildings
  • Rural buildings
  • GBPN Climate Classification
    • Cooling Based
    • Heating Based
    • Warm and Humid
    • Mixed
    • Climatic zones are not used. Instead residential buildings have a required energy efficiency depending on the geometry of the building.

Type of Building Code

Type of Building Code

  • Cooling Based
  • Prescriptive Codes
  • Trade Off
  • Performance Codes for Refurbishments
  • Performance Codes for New Builds

    The EnEV is a performance-based code that requires a mandatory (equivalent model building) energy frame calculation to establish the expected primary energy consumption of residential and non-residential buildings.

  • Energy Declaration
  • Model / reference Building

    The energy performance requirement is based on an equivalent model building and measured as kWh/m2/year of primary energy.

  • Mix of different models / Hybrids

Energy Covered

Basis for Energy Requirements

  • Overall performance frame
  • Final Energy
  • Primary Energy

    The energy performance requirement is based on an equivalent model building and measured as kWh/m2/year of primary energy.

  • Life Cycle Assessment considered (embedded energy)

Energy Uses and Functions Covered by the Code

  • Heating
  • Cooling
  • Dehumidification
  • Ventilation
  • Airtightness

    For naturally ventilated buildings, n50 is 3.0h-1 and for mechanically ventilated buildings, n50 is 1.5h-1.

  • Thermal bridging
  • Hot water
  • Technical installations
  • Lighting

    For non-residential only, maintenance factor 0.6WF-0.8WF

  • Appliances
  • Design, position & orientation of building
  • Heat recovery
  • Passive solar
  • Passive cooling

    Partially.

  • Natural ventilation
  • Solar protection
  • Daylighting requirements
  • Renewable Energy (solar, PV, others)

    Requirement of heat supply based on renewable energy 15 ~ 50% depending on the type of renewable energy and building.

  • Local renewable sources
  • Energy Offsets/Green Certificates

Enforcement

Type of Enforcement

  • Local enforcement
    Not known at this stage.
  • Third party inspection
    Not known at this stage.
  • Central enforcement
  • Accreditation of applicants
  • Post Occupancy control
    Not known at this stage.

On-site Inspections Occur

  • On-site inspections
  • During construction
  • Post completion
  • Post occupancy

Certification to Support Enforcement of Code

  • Energy Performance Certificate support BC
    EPC had been required since 2002 now use the Calculation Method since 2008.
  • Positive labeling for building beyond the minimum BC level
  • Existence of EPC register database at national level
  • Inspection of boilers
    Regular inspection of boilers has been mandatory for many years, and in fact to a much greater extent and at shorter intervals than those provided for in the EPBD.
  • Inspection of HVAC systems
    Every air conditioning unit with a thermal output of more than 12 kW also has to undergo an inspection by a specialist engineer every 10 years.

Penalties for Non-compliance

  • None
    Not known at this stage.
  • Fine
    Not known at this stage.
  • Imprisonment
    Not known at this stage.
  • Refusal of permission to occupy
  • Refusal of permission to construct
  • Demolition
    Not known at this stage.

Measures Supporting Enforcement

  • Commissioning requirements
    Not known at this stage.
  • Airtightness testing required prior to compliance
    Not known at this stage.
  • Mandatory Computer Modeling
    Mandatory model building calculation.
  • Training of Inspectors
  • Other

Values for New Buildings

Code History and Future Targets

  • How far in advance are future targets set?
    2018, 2020
  • Are stakeholders informed of future targets far in advance?
    Yes

Zero Energy Targets

  • Are all end uses considered in the target?
  • Is there a realistic roadmap towards ZEB
  • National Target date for nZEB

    By 2020 buildings should be operating without fossil fuel. The German government has committed to reducing the primary energy demand of buildings by 80% by 2050. Achieving this reduction will require foremost efficiency improvements, with a first milestone of a 20% reduction in heat demand levels by 2020.

  • Special Requirements for public buildings
Number of Earlier Codes
5

Supporting Measures

  • Incentives/Rewards to Encourage People to go beyond Minimum Level?
  • Involvement of Stakeholders in the Development of Codes
  • Level of Training Provided to Stakeholders Following Implementation of Code?
  • Provision of Appropriate Information for General Public
  • Education Systems to Ensure Capacity
  • Supporting Labeling Schemes
  • Supporting Certification Schemes
  • Codes Free to Access?
  • Text on Code Access

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