Type of Building Code

Type of Building Code

• Cooling Based
• Prescriptive Codes
• Trade Off
• Performance Codes for Refurbishments

  Partially, it depends on the extent of the refurbishment. Prescriptive or component elements for refurbishments.

• Performance Codes for New Builds

  The energy frame calculates energy performance in all new buildings, using Sbi developed 'BE10' software. Some prescriptive elements form the basis to the energy frame calculation.

• Energy Declaration
• Model / reference Building

  Calculation is a full performance calculation where the proposed design is not simulated against a reference building.

• Mix of different models / Hybrids

Energy Covered

Basis for Energy Requirements

• Overall performance frame

  Maximum energy demand - Supplied Energy .

• Final Energy

  Partially - The calculation considers supplied energy.

• Primary Energy
• Life Cycle Assessment considered (embedded energy)

  Partially -Voluntary at this stage, modeled on the German DGNB system.

Energy Uses and Functions Covered by the Code

• Heating

  Included in overall performance calculation. Heating systems must be designed and built for energy-efficient operation. The type, size and function of components must be compatible with each other.

• Cooling

  Included in overall performance calculation. Cooling demand to limit indoor temperature in summer is calculated and included no matter if a cooling system has been established (max. temperature 25 oC) or not (maximum temperature 26 oC).

• Dehumidification
• Ventilation

  Included in overall performance calculation. Ventilation may be by systems for natural ventilation, mechanical or hybrid ventilation. Ventilation systems must be appropriately designed and installed in terms of safety, energy and indoor climate.

• Airtightness

  Airtightness must be better than 1.5 l/sm2 (heated floor area), tested @ 50 Pa. In 2015, this will decrease to 1.0 l/s per m2 tested at 50 Pa and in 2020 0.5 l/s per m2 tested at 50 Pa.

• Thermal bridging

  Any cold bridges in building elements which face the outside, including windows and doors, must be insignificant. The energy implications of cold bridges must be factored into calculations of heat loss from each building element.

• Hot water

  Included in overall performance calculation. General hot water system requirements including efficiency, piping run lengths, pressure and insulation requirements. Domestic water systems supplied by a domestic ventilation heat pump must meet COP's.

• Technical installations

  National efficiency requirements

• Lighting

  Included in overall performance calculation. Workrooms and shared access routes must have energy-efficient lighting, this means the use of luminaires with an efficiency for general lighting of over 50 lm/W.

• Appliances
• Design, position & orientation of building

  Consideration of the position and orientation of the building is included in the energy frame.

• Heat recovery

  Ventilation installations must incorporate heat recovery with a dry temperature efficiency of no less than 70%. Heat pumps for heat recovery must have a minimum coefficient of performance of 3.6 in heating mode.

• Passive solar
• Passive cooling

  Encouraged and included in the energy frame calculation

• Natural ventilation

  Encouraged and included in the energy frame calculation

• Solar protection

  Solar screening should be considered before opting for solar control glass. Solar control glass may be an effective way of excluding solar heat gain.

• Daylighting requirements

  Included in overall calculation. There must be sufficient daylight for the rooms to be well lit. Windows must be located and screened such that sunlight through them does not cause overheating in the rooms and direct solar heat gain is avoided.

• Renewable Energy (solar, PV, others)

  Buildings that are outside of the existing district heating areas where the expected hot water consumption exceeds 2000 liters pr. day, solar power must be installed. Renewable energy required for low energy buildings outside district heating areas.

• Local renewable sources
• Energy Offsets/Green Certificates

Enforcement

Type of Enforcement

• Local enforcement
  Mandatory.
• Third party inspection
  Responsible for plan and specification review stage as well as onsite construction inspections.
• Central enforcement
• Accreditation of applicants
  Energy consultants are responsible for reviewing the systems and envelope for compliance with the design.
• Post Occupancy control
  Partially, it depends on the building complexity, type and size.

On-site Inspections Occur

• On-site inspections
• During construction
• Post completion
• Post occupancy
  Partially, it depends on the building complexity, type and size

Certification to Support Enforcement of Code

• Energy Performance Certificate support BC
  The energy performance (EP) certificate assigns an energy performance label to nearly all types of buildings and lists cost-effective measures/recommendations for improving their energy performance
• Positive labeling for building beyond the minimum BC level
  LEB 2015 = calculated energy performance is 25% lower than the minimum requirements.
• Existence of EPC register database at national level
  Offentlige Informationsserver
• Number of certified buildings
  60231 in 2011 (new and existing incl summerhouses)
• Inspection of boilers
  When central heating boilers with an oil-fired burner or forced-air gas burner are installed, the burner must be fully commissioned.Testing of boilers and heating systems has been implemented since 2006. Oil burners now have to be inspected yearly.
• Inspection of HVAC systems
  Testing of HVAC system began in 2008, with air-conditioning systems required to be tested every 5 years.

Penalties for Non-compliance

• None
• Fine
• Imprisonment
• Refusal of permission to occupy
• Refusal of permission to construct
• Demolition

Measures Supporting Enforcement

• Commissioning requirements
  Large buildings are commissioned after 1 year and 5 years. No commissioning requirements for small residential buildings.
• Airtightness testing required prior to compliance
  Local authorities are required to test 5% of all new buildings for air-tightness. Some authorities have committed to 100% testing requirements in recent years.
• Mandatory Computer Modeling
  All new buildings must calculate energy performance using the 'BE10' software.
• Training of Inspectors
  Inspectors are required to already be knowledgable in the area of construction. Most are either registered architects or engineers.
• Other

Values for New Buildings

Code History and Future Targets

• How far in advance are future targets set?

  8 years
• Are stakeholders informed of future targets far in advance?

  Yes

Zero Energy Targets

• Definition of nZEB/ZEB/Plus Energy etc

  Partially - No official definition as yet.

• Are all end uses considered in the target?
• Is there a realistic roadmap towards ZEB
• National Target date for nZEB

  Using 75% less energy by 2020 (c.f. base year 2006).

• Special Requirements for public buildings

Supporting Measures

• Incentives/Rewards to Encourage People to go beyond Minimum Level?
• Involvement of Stakeholders in the Development of Codes
• Level of Training Provided to Stakeholders Following Implementation of Code?
• Provision of Appropriate Information for General Public
• Supporting Labeling Schemes
• Supporting Certification Schemes
• Codes Free to Access?