Join our network. Make change happen.Top 50 Green Finance
Accrued Disposable Income
Overview of State Policies for Energy Efficiency in Buildings
This paper introduces the major state-level regulations and policies for improving energy efficiency in buildings. The purpose of the review is to discuss the challenges and issues in policy implementation and the latest trend in adopting innovative instruments.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
DocumentBeyond an ‘informed opinion’: evidence-based practice in the built environment
This study examines the sources of evidence that influence decision-makers who design or develop office buildings, and aims to explain why some managers engage more in evidence-based practice (EBP) than others.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Accrued Disposable Income
Revaluing the costs and benefits of energy efficiency: A systematic review
Policy and decision makers, economists and engineers often have to choose between new-energy-generation installations for producing additional energy or reducing the energy consumption through energy efficiency measures.
- Policy Group(s):
- Accrued Disposable Income
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
Benefits of energy efficiency programs for residential buildings in Bahrain
This paper outlines the approach and the cost-effectiveness potential for designing and retrofitting residential buildings to be energy-efficient in Bahrain. The analysis is focused on residential buildings since these buildings consume over 48% of the total electricity used in Bahrain.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Accrued Disposable Income
Boosting building renovation: An overview of good practices
The main aim of this report is to contribute to the exchange of good practices and to support EU MS by providing potential ideas for the elaboration of long-term renovation plans.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
A comprehensive analysis of building energy efficiency policies in China: status quo and development perspective
This article is concerned with a comprehensive analysis of building energy efficiency policies in light of improvements in energy performance, living standards and climate change mitigation in China's built environment.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Achieving affordable housing through energy efficiency strategy
Cooperation between public and private sector has achieved a remarkable widespread, in the Italian context, over the last two decades.
- Policy Group(s):
- Accrued Disposable Income
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
Energy poverty policies and measures in 5 EU countries: A comparative study
Energy Poverty (EP) is the inability to attain a socially and materially necessitated level of domestic energy services. In the EU this occurs primarily due to low incomes, poor energy performance of buildings and high energy costs.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Costs and Benefits of Energy Efficiency Obligation Schemes
In 2009, the European Union adopted high-level goals for renewable energy, energy efficiency, and greenhouse gas reductions with targets set toward the year 2020.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Energy integration and interaction between buildings and vehicles: A state-of-the-art review
Clean power production, buildings, and transportation are key areas for climate change mitigation. Their tighter integration decreases not only the emissions, but also the energy consumption of buildings and transportation.
- Policy Group(s):
- Accrued Disposable Income
From Brown to Green: SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS IN LEGACY CITIES
The research examines the installation of sustainable (green) property development, typified by Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification in legacy cities in comparison to non-legacy cities.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Creditworthiness and climate: Identifying a hidden financial co-benefit of municipal climate adaptation and mitigation policies
Municipal policies can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and help to mitigate climate change. It is often unclear why cities would adopt such policies, however, given that the benefits from climate mitigation will be felt globally, rather than exclusively locally.
- Policy Group(s):
- Accrued Disposable Income
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
Unlocking the Inclusive Growth Story of the 21st Century: Accelerating Climate Action in Urgent Times
Pricing carbon and moving toward mandatory disclosure of climate-related financial risks, as part of a broader policy package. Accelerating investment in sustainable infrastructure, supported by clear national and sub-national strategies and programmes.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Handbook of Sustainable Building Policies
A practical decision support pack to aid policy makers and experts in developing countries.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Energy efficiency as a means to expand energy access: A Uganda roadmap
While energy efficiency can contribute significantly towards improving access to modern energy services, energy sector investments in many developing countries have largely focused on increasing energy access by increasing supply.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Why do homeowners renovate energy efficiently? Contrasting perspectives and implications for policy
This paper contrasts two perspectives on energy efficient home renovations from applied behavioural research on energy efficiency and from sociological research on homes and domestic life.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Analysis of the transition effects of building codes and regulations on the emergence of a low carbon residential building sector
It is now established that energy use in buildings is a significant source of global greenhouse gas emissions and that abatement by the building sector can provide significant social, economic and environmental benefits.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The role of economic and policy variables in energy-efficient retrofitting assessment. A stochastic Life Cycle Costing methodology
Energy saving is a major policy objective worldwide and in the EU in particular. Evaluating the convenience of energy-efficient investments, however, is complex.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
System dynamics modeling for urban energy consumption and CO2 emissions: A case study of Beijing, China
It is clear that city must be part of the solution if an urbanizing world is to grapple successfully with ecological challenges such as energy depletion and climate change.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Internal and external barriers to energy efficiency: which role for policy interventions?
This paper reviews the empirical literature that provides a correlation between the different barriers to energy efficiency and consumer behavior related to two domains.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Implementing the cost-optimal methodology in EU countries
This study presents three cost-optimal calculations. The overall aim is to provide a deeper analysis and to provide additional guidance on how to properly implement the cost-optimality methodology in Member States.
- Policy Group(s):
- Accrued Disposable Income
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
The impact of climate variability and change on the energy system: A systematic scoping review
The energy system is a vital infrastructure which can be vulnerable to climate variability and change (CV&C) impacts. Understanding the impacts can prevent disruption and inform policy decision making.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The Operating Expense Puzzle of U.S. Green Office Buildings
Cost savings from efficiency gains are at the core of the green building business case. Significantly lower energy bills are said to be a major factor in the green rent premium observed in earlier studies.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Re-thinking energy efficiency in European policy: Practitioners' use of ‘multiple benefits’ arguments
There is increasing interest in the idea that energy efficiency has economic, environmental and social impacts beyond energy and cost saving - a ‘multiple benefits’ perspective.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The Macroeconomic and Other Benefits of Energy Efficiency
This report sets out the positive and negative impacts of improvements in energy efficiency in buildings that could come about through a recast of the Energy Performance Buildings Directive (EPBD).
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
A statistical analysis of the energy effectiveness of building refurbishment
Owing to the rapid urban growth of past decades, the refurbishment of buildings has become a central topic of city development. A key aspect of building renovations deals with energy saving, both for economic and environmental concerns.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
A role for local government in global environmental governance and transnational environmental law from a subsidiarity perspective
This article advances a conceptual view of the role of local government in global environmental governance ('GEG') and the system of transnational environmental law ('TEL').
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
A framework for assessing and implementing the co-benefits of nature-based solutions in urban areas
To address challenges associated with climate resilience, health and well-being in urban areas, current policy platforms are shifting their focus from ecosystem-based to nature-based solutions (NBS), broadly defined as solutions to societal challenges that are inspired and supported by nature.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The Relevance of Green Building Practice in Emerging Markets: A Perceptual Analysis of Commercial and Industrial Building Users in Ibadan, Nigeria
In this study, we examine the operational challenges of existing green building related features/systems to develop hypotheses about factors that will increase the demand for green buildings.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Energy and Emissions in the Building Sector: A Comparison of Three Policies and Their Combinations
Standards, subsidies, and carbon taxes are among the measures often considered to reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in the buildings sector. Using a modeling system developed by the U.S.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Accrued Disposable Income
Role of knowledge and policies as drivers for low-energy housing: Case studies from the United Kingdom
Addressing housing-related energy consumption and emissions is a challenge in many countries. Low-energy housing, e.g. whole house retrofits and zero-energy new houses, is still rare in the United Kingdom, yet very much required to reduce emissions.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Demand for Green Buildings: Office Tenants' Stated Willingness-to-Pay for Green Features
In this study, we analyze the demand for green office building features among office tenants in the United States. An online survey of a random sample of office tenants in 17 major U.S. markets is employed.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The international implications of national and local coordination on building energy codes: Case studies in six cities
Building energy efficiency is an important strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions globally. In fact, 55 countries have included building energy efficiency in their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Towards Nearly Zero Energy Buildings in Europe: A Focus on Retrofit in Non-Residential Buildings
Buildings are the focus of European (EU) policies aimed at a sustainable and competitive low-carbon economy by 2020.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Diffusion of energy efficiency technologies in European residential buildings: A bibliometric analysis
Many studies have investigated different aspects in the decarbonisation of the European housing stock. However, a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the literature on the diffusion of energy efficiency technologies is still missing.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
ADDRESSING FINANCIAL OBJECTIONS TO SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
This article provides useful information that could help you address some barriers to sustainable initiatives: Every executive that you speak to is aware that data can be manipulated and may be skeptical of studies conducted by organizations that could benefit from a particular set of results.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATING SCHEMES
This project, “International Review of Residential Building Energy Efficiency Rating Schemes”, is the fifth project in a series of work conducted through the Building Energy Efficiency Task Group (BEET), under the International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation (IPEEC).
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Urban Efficiency: A Global Survey of Building Energy Efficiency Policies in Cities
A Global Survey of Building Energy Efficiency Policies in Cities is a resource for city officials around the world as they design new policies for building energy efficiency, or review existing ones.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Driving Transformation to Energy Efficient Buildings, Policies and Actions: 2nd Edition
The UN Sustainable Energy for All initiative aims to double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency by 2030.i Efficient buildings are vital to achieving sustainable development because they align economic, social, and environmental objectives, creating triple bottom line benefits.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
REVIEW OF COSTS AND BENEFITS OF ENERGY SAVINGS: Task 1 Report ‘Energy Savings 2030’
This report is the first report of the ‘Energy Savings 2030’-project which seeks to help the Coalition for Energy Savings to produce a robust and timely input to the 2030 policy discussion.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Key Issues in Buildings Energy Efficiency Programs
The EU and Australia have instituted significant new public policies to promote energy efficiency in the “built environment.” Many of these public policies were motivated by the same concerns that led to the pioneering voluntary initiatives of Green Building Councils (especially the LEED design c
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
How to reduce household carbon emissions: A review of experience and policy design considerations
Global warming and environment problems caused by the excessive emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs), along with rapid economic development has attracted the attention of many countries and regions of the world. Reducing GHG emissions is essential to mitigate the threat of global warming.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The social return on investment in the energy efficiency of buildings in Germany
The German government has developed a variety of policy instruments intended to reduce national CO2 emissions. These instruments include a programme administered by KfW bank, which aims at improving the energy efficiency of buildings.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Motivating stakeholders to deliver change: Tokyo's Cap-and-Trade Program
In April 2010 the Tokyo Metropolitan Government launched the Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Program to reduce energy consumption-related CO2 emissions at the city level. This is the world's first cap-and-trade programme to cover buildings in the commercial, industrial and public sectors.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Accrued Disposable Income
NATIONAL ENERGY PRODUCTIVITY PLAN: ANNUAL REPORT
This Annual Report covers the second in a 15-year plan and shows that the NEPP has continued to progress well. Throughout 2017, measures across the work plan have advanced and many have achieved significant outcomes.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
BUILDING A GREEN NEW YORK: Construction Unions and Community Alliances
This chapter examines the experience of construction unions and community organizations as they enter into strategic alliances to create new markets in energy efficient systems.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Accrued Disposable Income
A global review of energy consumption, CO2 emissions and policy in the residential sector (with an overview of the top ten CO2 emitting countries)
Climate change and global warming as the main human societies’ threats are fundamentally associated with energy consumption and GHG emissions.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Energy efficiency in U.S. residential rental housing: Adoption rates and impact on rent
For 118 million residential housing units in the U.S., there is currently a gap between the potential energy savings that can be achieved through the use of existing energy efficiency technologies, and the actual level of energy savings realized, particularly for the 37% of housing units that are
- Policy Group(s):
- Accrued Disposable Income
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
Public health co-benefits of greenhouse gas emissions reduction: A systematic review
Public health co-benefits from curbing climate change can make greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation strategies more attractive and increase their implementation.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Residential energy efficiency standards in Australia: where to next?
Increasing the energy and carbon efficiency of homes has been at the forefront of international climate change mitigation policy.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Accrued Disposable Income
Best Practice Policy and Regulation for Low Carbon Outcomes in the Built Environment
This study compares and contrasts Australian and global best practices in policy and regulation for the energy and carbon performance of the built environment. It examines the drivers and opportunities for, and barriers to, the adoption of best practices in Australia.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Accrued Disposable Income
Developing a methodology for the ex-post assessment of Building Energy Efficiency Special Planning in Beijing during the 12th Five-Year Plan” period
In order to carry out an ex-post assessment of the completed Building Energy Efficiency Special Planning, a comprehensive ex-post assessment methodology is established.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Saving energy is not easy: An impact assessment of Dutch policy to reduce the energy requirements of buildings
The Dutch Government stimulates the application of energy efficiency measures to reduce the energy requirements of buildings, which are responsible for about 20% of the Dutch CO2 emissions. For our assessment, we followed a qualitative approach, due to a lack of data.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Energy Efficiency – the first fuel for the EU Economy: How to drive new finance for energy efficiency investments
The Energy Efficiency Financial Institutions Group (“EFFIG”) identifies the need to engage multiple stakeholder groups, scale-up the use of several financial instruments within a clear and enforced “carrot and stick” legislative framework.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Energy efficiency obligation schemes: their future in the EU
EU member states have been encouraged to introduce energy efficiency obligation schemes (EEOS) to help meet energy saving objectives. As a result, there are now 15 EU EEOS in existence, compared with just six prior to the introduction of the 2012 Energy Efficiency Directive.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
ADOPTING DECARBONIZATION POLICIES FOR THE BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTION SECTOR: Cost and Benefits
The building sector is not on track to lower total greenhouse gas emissions. Given that emissions from the sector represent nearly 40% of global energy-and process-related emissions, this represents a serious challenge to keeping global warming to 1.5oC.
- Policy Group(s):
- Accrued Disposable Income
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
The path towards buildings energy efficiency in South American countries
Nowadays, energy efficiency (EE) is presented as a reliable strategy towards sustainable development, but its application has not been developed equitably worldwide, since most EE policies have been implemented in industrialised nations, and developing countries are still in the process of improv
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Multiple benefits of investing in energy efficient renovation of buildings
The work carried out by Copenhagen Economics for the Renovate Europe Campaign broke new ground in the debate around the benefits of investing in energy efficiency and has, in several ways, advanced the EU agenda in this topic.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
National Energy Productivity Plan: Work Plan
The National Energy Productivity Plan (NEPP) is a package of measures to improve Australia’s energy productivity by 40% between 2015 and 2030. The NEPP is delivered jointly between the Australian Government and the state and territory governments.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Mind the gap: A social sciences review of energy efficiency
Energy efficiency is a complex concept which is represented in diverse fields including engineering, economics, energy, computer sciences, environmental sciences, mathematics and physics.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Evaluating the effects of policy innovations: Lessons from a systematic review of policies promoting low-carbon technology
We report on an original systematic review of 165 empirical, ex post studies examining policies that promote the development and use of low-carbon technologies.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Heterogeneous Price Premiums in Sustainable Real Estate? An Investigation of the Relation between Value and Price Premiums
Focusing on the voluntary LEED and ENERGY STAR environmental certification schemes in the United States, we investigate whether price premiums exist across all building value categories or are localized to specific value segments.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Focused acceleration: A strategic approach to climate action in cities to 2030
There is now widespread recognition in the international community that the commitments made by national governments under the Paris Climate Agreement in 2015 cannot be achieved without concerted action by cities.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Standards and policies for very high energy efficiency in the urban building sector towards reaching the 1.5°C target
Reliably reducing the emissions in the building sector plays a crucial role if the 1.5°C climate target from the Paris Agreement is to be met. The observed trends show a significant increase in building energy use, especially in emerging economies.
- Policy Group(s):
- Accrued Disposable Income
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
Policy strategies for achieving large long-term savings from retrofitting existing buildings
In order to achieve long-term targets for energy savings and emission reductions, substantial savings will be needed from existing buildings.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Accrued Disposable Income
Capital accumulation
Analysis of the transition effects of building codes and regulations on the emergence of a low carbon residential building sector
It is now established that energy use in buildings is a significant source of global greenhouse gas emissions and that abatement by the building sector can provide significant social, economic and environmental benefits.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The role of economic and policy variables in energy-efficient retrofitting assessment. A stochastic Life Cycle Costing methodology
Energy saving is a major policy objective worldwide and in the EU in particular. Evaluating the convenience of energy-efficient investments, however, is complex.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
System dynamics modeling for urban energy consumption and CO2 emissions: A case study of Beijing, China
It is clear that city must be part of the solution if an urbanizing world is to grapple successfully with ecological challenges such as energy depletion and climate change.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Residential energy efficiency standards in Australia: where to next?
Increasing the energy and carbon efficiency of homes has been at the forefront of international climate change mitigation policy.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Accrued Disposable Income
Best Practice Policy and Regulation for Low Carbon Outcomes in the Built Environment
This study compares and contrasts Australian and global best practices in policy and regulation for the energy and carbon performance of the built environment. It examines the drivers and opportunities for, and barriers to, the adoption of best practices in Australia.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Accrued Disposable Income
Developing a methodology for the ex-post assessment of Building Energy Efficiency Special Planning in Beijing during the 12th Five-Year Plan” period
In order to carry out an ex-post assessment of the completed Building Energy Efficiency Special Planning, a comprehensive ex-post assessment methodology is established.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Saving energy is not easy: An impact assessment of Dutch policy to reduce the energy requirements of buildings
The Dutch Government stimulates the application of energy efficiency measures to reduce the energy requirements of buildings, which are responsible for about 20% of the Dutch CO2 emissions. For our assessment, we followed a qualitative approach, due to a lack of data.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Energy Efficiency – the first fuel for the EU Economy: How to drive new finance for energy efficiency investments
The Energy Efficiency Financial Institutions Group (“EFFIG”) identifies the need to engage multiple stakeholder groups, scale-up the use of several financial instruments within a clear and enforced “carrot and stick” legislative framework.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Energy efficiency obligation schemes: their future in the EU
EU member states have been encouraged to introduce energy efficiency obligation schemes (EEOS) to help meet energy saving objectives. As a result, there are now 15 EU EEOS in existence, compared with just six prior to the introduction of the 2012 Energy Efficiency Directive.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
ADOPTING DECARBONIZATION POLICIES FOR THE BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTION SECTOR: Cost and Benefits
The building sector is not on track to lower total greenhouse gas emissions. Given that emissions from the sector represent nearly 40% of global energy-and process-related emissions, this represents a serious challenge to keeping global warming to 1.5oC.
- Policy Group(s):
- Accrued Disposable Income
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
From Brown to Green: SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS IN LEGACY CITIES
The research examines the installation of sustainable (green) property development, typified by Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification in legacy cities in comparison to non-legacy cities.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Creditworthiness and climate: Identifying a hidden financial co-benefit of municipal climate adaptation and mitigation policies
Municipal policies can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and help to mitigate climate change. It is often unclear why cities would adopt such policies, however, given that the benefits from climate mitigation will be felt globally, rather than exclusively locally.
- Policy Group(s):
- Accrued Disposable Income
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
Unlocking the Inclusive Growth Story of the 21st Century: Accelerating Climate Action in Urgent Times
Pricing carbon and moving toward mandatory disclosure of climate-related financial risks, as part of a broader policy package. Accelerating investment in sustainable infrastructure, supported by clear national and sub-national strategies and programmes.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Handbook of Sustainable Building Policies
A practical decision support pack to aid policy makers and experts in developing countries.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Energy efficiency as a means to expand energy access: A Uganda roadmap
While energy efficiency can contribute significantly towards improving access to modern energy services, energy sector investments in many developing countries have largely focused on increasing energy access by increasing supply.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Why do homeowners renovate energy efficiently? Contrasting perspectives and implications for policy
This paper contrasts two perspectives on energy efficient home renovations from applied behavioural research on energy efficiency and from sociological research on homes and domestic life.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The international implications of national and local coordination on building energy codes: Case studies in six cities
Building energy efficiency is an important strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions globally. In fact, 55 countries have included building energy efficiency in their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Towards Nearly Zero Energy Buildings in Europe: A Focus on Retrofit in Non-Residential Buildings
Buildings are the focus of European (EU) policies aimed at a sustainable and competitive low-carbon economy by 2020.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Diffusion of energy efficiency technologies in European residential buildings: A bibliometric analysis
Many studies have investigated different aspects in the decarbonisation of the European housing stock. However, a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the literature on the diffusion of energy efficiency technologies is still missing.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY POLICIES: BEST PRACTICE POLICIES AND POLICY PACKAGES
The review of policies being implemented in China, the EU, India and the US presented in this report has also identified some key challenges that we must address if we are going to realize the mitigation potential of the building sector.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
Benefits of energy efficiency programs for residential buildings in Bahrain
This paper outlines the approach and the cost-effectiveness potential for designing and retrofitting residential buildings to be energy-efficient in Bahrain. The analysis is focused on residential buildings since these buildings consume over 48% of the total electricity used in Bahrain.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Accrued Disposable Income
Boosting building renovation: An overview of good practices
The main aim of this report is to contribute to the exchange of good practices and to support EU MS by providing potential ideas for the elaboration of long-term renovation plans.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
A comprehensive analysis of building energy efficiency policies in China: status quo and development perspective
This article is concerned with a comprehensive analysis of building energy efficiency policies in light of improvements in energy performance, living standards and climate change mitigation in China's built environment.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Achieving affordable housing through energy efficiency strategy
Cooperation between public and private sector has achieved a remarkable widespread, in the Italian context, over the last two decades.
- Policy Group(s):
- Accrued Disposable Income
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
Energy poverty policies and measures in 5 EU countries: A comparative study
Energy Poverty (EP) is the inability to attain a socially and materially necessitated level of domestic energy services. In the EU this occurs primarily due to low incomes, poor energy performance of buildings and high energy costs.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Costs and Benefits of Energy Efficiency Obligation Schemes
In 2009, the European Union adopted high-level goals for renewable energy, energy efficiency, and greenhouse gas reductions with targets set toward the year 2020.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
A statistical analysis of the energy effectiveness of building refurbishment
Owing to the rapid urban growth of past decades, the refurbishment of buildings has become a central topic of city development. A key aspect of building renovations deals with energy saving, both for economic and environmental concerns.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
A role for local government in global environmental governance and transnational environmental law from a subsidiarity perspective
This article advances a conceptual view of the role of local government in global environmental governance ('GEG') and the system of transnational environmental law ('TEL').
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
A framework for assessing and implementing the co-benefits of nature-based solutions in urban areas
To address challenges associated with climate resilience, health and well-being in urban areas, current policy platforms are shifting their focus from ecosystem-based to nature-based solutions (NBS), broadly defined as solutions to societal challenges that are inspired and supported by nature.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The Relevance of Green Building Practice in Emerging Markets: A Perceptual Analysis of Commercial and Industrial Building Users in Ibadan, Nigeria
In this study, we examine the operational challenges of existing green building related features/systems to develop hypotheses about factors that will increase the demand for green buildings.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Energy and Emissions in the Building Sector: A Comparison of Three Policies and Their Combinations
Standards, subsidies, and carbon taxes are among the measures often considered to reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in the buildings sector. Using a modeling system developed by the U.S.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Accrued Disposable Income
Role of knowledge and policies as drivers for low-energy housing: Case studies from the United Kingdom
Addressing housing-related energy consumption and emissions is a challenge in many countries. Low-energy housing, e.g. whole house retrofits and zero-energy new houses, is still rare in the United Kingdom, yet very much required to reduce emissions.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Demand for Green Buildings: Office Tenants' Stated Willingness-to-Pay for Green Features
In this study, we analyze the demand for green office building features among office tenants in the United States. An online survey of a random sample of office tenants in 17 major U.S. markets is employed.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Public health co-benefits of greenhouse gas emissions reduction: A systematic review
Public health co-benefits from curbing climate change can make greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation strategies more attractive and increase their implementation.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
ADDRESSING FINANCIAL OBJECTIONS TO SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
This article provides useful information that could help you address some barriers to sustainable initiatives: Every executive that you speak to is aware that data can be manipulated and may be skeptical of studies conducted by organizations that could benefit from a particular set of results.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Internal and external barriers to energy efficiency: which role for policy interventions?
This paper reviews the empirical literature that provides a correlation between the different barriers to energy efficiency and consumer behavior related to two domains.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Implementing the cost-optimal methodology in EU countries
This study presents three cost-optimal calculations. The overall aim is to provide a deeper analysis and to provide additional guidance on how to properly implement the cost-optimality methodology in Member States.
- Policy Group(s):
- Accrued Disposable Income
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
The impact of climate variability and change on the energy system: A systematic scoping review
The energy system is a vital infrastructure which can be vulnerable to climate variability and change (CV&C) impacts. Understanding the impacts can prevent disruption and inform policy decision making.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The Operating Expense Puzzle of U.S. Green Office Buildings
Cost savings from efficiency gains are at the core of the green building business case. Significantly lower energy bills are said to be a major factor in the green rent premium observed in earlier studies.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Re-thinking energy efficiency in European policy: Practitioners' use of ‘multiple benefits’ arguments
There is increasing interest in the idea that energy efficiency has economic, environmental and social impacts beyond energy and cost saving - a ‘multiple benefits’ perspective.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The Macroeconomic and Other Benefits of Energy Efficiency
This report sets out the positive and negative impacts of improvements in energy efficiency in buildings that could come about through a recast of the Energy Performance Buildings Directive (EPBD).
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The social return on investment in the energy efficiency of buildings in Germany
The German government has developed a variety of policy instruments intended to reduce national CO2 emissions. These instruments include a programme administered by KfW bank, which aims at improving the energy efficiency of buildings.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Motivating stakeholders to deliver change: Tokyo's Cap-and-Trade Program
In April 2010 the Tokyo Metropolitan Government launched the Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Program to reduce energy consumption-related CO2 emissions at the city level. This is the world's first cap-and-trade programme to cover buildings in the commercial, industrial and public sectors.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Accrued Disposable Income
NATIONAL ENERGY PRODUCTIVITY PLAN: ANNUAL REPORT
This Annual Report covers the second in a 15-year plan and shows that the NEPP has continued to progress well. Throughout 2017, measures across the work plan have advanced and many have achieved significant outcomes.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
BUILDING A GREEN NEW YORK: Construction Unions and Community Alliances
This chapter examines the experience of construction unions and community organizations as they enter into strategic alliances to create new markets in energy efficient systems.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Accrued Disposable Income
A global review of energy consumption, CO2 emissions and policy in the residential sector (with an overview of the top ten CO2 emitting countries)
Climate change and global warming as the main human societies’ threats are fundamentally associated with energy consumption and GHG emissions.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Energy efficiency in U.S. residential rental housing: Adoption rates and impact on rent
For 118 million residential housing units in the U.S., there is currently a gap between the potential energy savings that can be achieved through the use of existing energy efficiency technologies, and the actual level of energy savings realized, particularly for the 37% of housing units that are
- Policy Group(s):
- Accrued Disposable Income
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
Overview of State Policies for Energy Efficiency in Buildings
This paper introduces the major state-level regulations and policies for improving energy efficiency in buildings. The purpose of the review is to discuss the challenges and issues in policy implementation and the latest trend in adopting innovative instruments.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Beyond an ‘informed opinion’: evidence-based practice in the built environment
This study examines the sources of evidence that influence decision-makers who design or develop office buildings, and aims to explain why some managers engage more in evidence-based practice (EBP) than others.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Accrued Disposable Income
Revaluing the costs and benefits of energy efficiency: A systematic review
Policy and decision makers, economists and engineers often have to choose between new-energy-generation installations for producing additional energy or reducing the energy consumption through energy efficiency measures.
- Policy Group(s):
- Accrued Disposable Income
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
BUILDING OUR SAVINGS: REDUCED INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS FROM IMPROVING BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY
This research combines two parallel and complementary work packages.The first examines the relationship between technical building energy performance improvements relating to electricity and gas end uses (e.g.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATING SCHEMES
This project, “International Review of Residential Building Energy Efficiency Rating Schemes”, is the fifth project in a series of work conducted through the Building Energy Efficiency Task Group (BEET), under the International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation (IPEEC).
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Urban Efficiency: A Global Survey of Building Energy Efficiency Policies in Cities
A Global Survey of Building Energy Efficiency Policies in Cities is a resource for city officials around the world as they design new policies for building energy efficiency, or review existing ones.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Driving Transformation to Energy Efficient Buildings, Policies and Actions: 2nd Edition
The UN Sustainable Energy for All initiative aims to double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency by 2030.i Efficient buildings are vital to achieving sustainable development because they align economic, social, and environmental objectives, creating triple bottom line benefits.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
REVIEW OF COSTS AND BENEFITS OF ENERGY SAVINGS: Task 1 Report ‘Energy Savings 2030’
This report is the first report of the ‘Energy Savings 2030’-project which seeks to help the Coalition for Energy Savings to produce a robust and timely input to the 2030 policy discussion.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Key Issues in Buildings Energy Efficiency Programs
The EU and Australia have instituted significant new public policies to promote energy efficiency in the “built environment.” Many of these public policies were motivated by the same concerns that led to the pioneering voluntary initiatives of Green Building Councils (especially the LEED design c
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
How to reduce household carbon emissions: A review of experience and policy design considerations
Global warming and environment problems caused by the excessive emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs), along with rapid economic development has attracted the attention of many countries and regions of the world. Reducing GHG emissions is essential to mitigate the threat of global warming.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The path towards buildings energy efficiency in South American countries
Nowadays, energy efficiency (EE) is presented as a reliable strategy towards sustainable development, but its application has not been developed equitably worldwide, since most EE policies have been implemented in industrialised nations, and developing countries are still in the process of improv
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Multiple benefits of investing in energy efficient renovation of buildings
The work carried out by Copenhagen Economics for the Renovate Europe Campaign broke new ground in the debate around the benefits of investing in energy efficiency and has, in several ways, advanced the EU agenda in this topic.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
National Energy Productivity Plan: Work Plan
The National Energy Productivity Plan (NEPP) is a package of measures to improve Australia’s energy productivity by 40% between 2015 and 2030. The NEPP is delivered jointly between the Australian Government and the state and territory governments.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Mind the gap: A social sciences review of energy efficiency
Energy efficiency is a complex concept which is represented in diverse fields including engineering, economics, energy, computer sciences, environmental sciences, mathematics and physics.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Evaluating the effects of policy innovations: Lessons from a systematic review of policies promoting low-carbon technology
We report on an original systematic review of 165 empirical, ex post studies examining policies that promote the development and use of low-carbon technologies.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Heterogeneous Price Premiums in Sustainable Real Estate? An Investigation of the Relation between Value and Price Premiums
Focusing on the voluntary LEED and ENERGY STAR environmental certification schemes in the United States, we investigate whether price premiums exist across all building value categories or are localized to specific value segments.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Standards and policies for very high energy efficiency in the urban building sector towards reaching the 1.5°C target
Reliably reducing the emissions in the building sector plays a crucial role if the 1.5°C climate target from the Paris Agreement is to be met. The observed trends show a significant increase in building energy use, especially in emerging economies.
- Policy Group(s):
- Accrued Disposable Income
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
Policy strategies for achieving large long-term savings from retrofitting existing buildings
In order to achieve long-term targets for energy savings and emission reductions, substantial savings will be needed from existing buildings.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Accrued Disposable Income
Investment Driver
Energy efficiency, the value of buildings and the payment default risk
Energy efficiency delivers energy savings and therefore energy cost savings, as well as direct environmental benefits. Besides, as an indirect effect, it has smaller or larger consequences on other economic values.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
The role of economic and policy variables in energy-efficient retrofitting assessment. A stochastic Life Cycle Costing methodology
Energy saving is a major policy objective worldwide and in the EU in particular. Evaluating the convenience of energy-efficient investments, however, is complex.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Revaluing the costs and benefits of energy efficiency: A systematic review
Policy and decision makers, economists and engineers often have to choose between new-energy-generation installations for producing additional energy or reducing the energy consumption through energy efficiency measures.
- Policy Group(s):
- Accrued Disposable Income
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
ADDRESSING FINANCIAL OBJECTIONS TO SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
This article provides useful information that could help you address some barriers to sustainable initiatives: Every executive that you speak to is aware that data can be manipulated and may be skeptical of studies conducted by organizations that could benefit from a particular set of results.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
BUILDING OUR SAVINGS: REDUCED INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS FROM IMPROVING BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY
This research combines two parallel and complementary work packages.The first examines the relationship between technical building energy performance improvements relating to electricity and gas end uses (e.g.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATING SCHEMES
This project, “International Review of Residential Building Energy Efficiency Rating Schemes”, is the fifth project in a series of work conducted through the Building Energy Efficiency Task Group (BEET), under the International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation (IPEEC).
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
SCALING UP DEEP ENERGY RENOVATION: UNLEASHING THE POTENTIAL THROUGH INNOVATION and INDUSTRIALISATION
The European construction industry, like many others, is confronted by an economy that isundergoing a highly significant change, shaped by megatrends such as greater urbanisation,disruptive new technologies and digitalisation, globalised value chains and sustainability.At the same time, the Europ
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Building regulations are a barrier to affordable housing in Indian cities: the case of Ahmedabad
Cities in developing countries seldom consider the cost increases that regulations impose on development. To build legal housing, developers must meet a high minimum cost threshold established by mandatory standards.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Cost-benefit analysis for Energy Efficiency Retrofit of existing buildings: A case study in China
Energy Efficiency Retrofit (EER) of existing buildings is a key program for improving building energy efficiency in northern regions of China.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Effect of implementing building energy efficiency labeling in China: A case study in Shanghai
The building energy efficiency labeling (BEEL) scheme has been adopted in China since 2008. However, until now, its effect on the actual building energy efficiency has not been accurately established.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Cost optimal building performance requirements
In the recast Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) adopted in May 2010, a benchmarking mechanism for national energy performance requirements was introduced.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Achieving affordable housing through energy efficiency strategy
Cooperation between public and private sector has achieved a remarkable widespread, in the Italian context, over the last two decades.
- Policy Group(s):
- Accrued Disposable Income
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
REVIEW OF COSTS AND BENEFITS OF ENERGY SAVINGS: Task 1 Report ‘Energy Savings 2030’
This report is the first report of the ‘Energy Savings 2030’-project which seeks to help the Coalition for Energy Savings to produce a robust and timely input to the 2030 policy discussion.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Energy poverty policies and measures in 5 EU countries: A comparative study
Energy Poverty (EP) is the inability to attain a socially and materially necessitated level of domestic energy services. In the EU this occurs primarily due to low incomes, poor energy performance of buildings and high energy costs.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Costs and Benefits of Energy Efficiency Obligation Schemes
In 2009, the European Union adopted high-level goals for renewable energy, energy efficiency, and greenhouse gas reductions with targets set toward the year 2020.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
How to reduce household carbon emissions: A review of experience and policy design considerations
Global warming and environment problems caused by the excessive emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs), along with rapid economic development has attracted the attention of many countries and regions of the world. Reducing GHG emissions is essential to mitigate the threat of global warming.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Incorporating Green Building Features and Initiatives into Commercial Property Valuation
The rapid acceptance of green buildings internationally has led to awareness of green building features and initiatives (GBFIs) in the South African property industry; however, among South African valuers, it seems the awareness is still in its infancy.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Identification of key energy efficiency drivers through global city benchmarking: A data driven approach
A majority of carbon dioxide is emitted from cities. However, due to the complexity of urban energy consumption behaviour and lack of sufficient data, the influencing mechanisms of urban energy efficiency has not been fully understood.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
The social return on investment in the energy efficiency of buildings in Germany
The German government has developed a variety of policy instruments intended to reduce national CO2 emissions. These instruments include a programme administered by KfW bank, which aims at improving the energy efficiency of buildings.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Comparing Subsidies, Loans, and Standards for Improving Home Energy Efficiency
Residential buildings use approximately 20 percent of the total U.S. energy consumption, and single-family homes alone account for about 16 percent.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Measuring the Energy Saving and CO2 Emissions Reduction Potential Under China’s Belt and Road Initiative
Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries are major energy producers and consumers in the world, and they have enormous potential for energy cooperation, energy saving, and CO2 emissions reduction due to their various resource endowments.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Multiple benefits of investing in energy efficient renovation of buildings
The work carried out by Copenhagen Economics for the Renovate Europe Campaign broke new ground in the debate around the benefits of investing in energy efficiency and has, in several ways, advanced the EU agenda in this topic.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Nature-Based Solutions for Europe's Sustainable Development
Pursuing economic targets of job creation, growth, and innovation while tackling global environmental challenges, has long been seen as impossible. However, any long-term economic competitiveness and security depends on the extent to which natural resources are used sustainably.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Urban natural environments as nature-based solutions for improved public health – A systematic review of reviews
Increasing urbanisation, changing disease scenarios, and current predictions of climate change impacts require innovative strategies for providing healthy and sustainable cities, now and in the future.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Buying limes but getting lemons: Cost-benefit analysis of residential green buildings -A New Zealand case study
Green building councils, and the rating tools they operate, exist largely to provide clear market signals to consumers, industry and the government on green building claims.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
How do policies mobilize private finance for renewable energy?—A systematic review with an investor perspective
With the urgency of climate change, and billions spent globally on renewable energy (RE) support policies, it is crucial to understand which policies are effective.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Turning green into gold: A review on the economics of green buildings
Adoption of green design and technology in buildings, which can mitigate negative impacts on the environment, has been recognized as a key step towards global sustainable development.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Impact on public budgets of the KfW promotional programmes
Measures to reduce energy consumption and decrease CO2 emissions in the buildings sector have been on the political agenda for years.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Drivers for green building: A review of empirical studies
This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of what drives the adoption of green building (GB) practices among construction stakeholders. The review is based on literature that have been published in peer-reviewed journals.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Energy efficiency as a means to expand energy access: A Uganda roadmap
While energy efficiency can contribute significantly towards improving access to modern energy services, energy sector investments in many developing countries have largely focused on increasing energy access by increasing supply.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Heterogeneous Price Premiums in Sustainable Real Estate? An Investigation of the Relation between Value and Price Premiums
Focusing on the voluntary LEED and ENERGY STAR environmental certification schemes in the United States, we investigate whether price premiums exist across all building value categories or are localized to specific value segments.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Greening the Construction Industry in Zimbabwe
The chapter sought to evaluate the implementation of green construction in the construction industry in Zimbabwe and its contribution towards enhancing sustainability in construction practice.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Overview of State Policies for Energy Efficiency in Buildings
This paper introduces the major state-level regulations and policies for improving energy efficiency in buildings. The purpose of the review is to discuss the challenges and issues in policy implementation and the latest trend in adopting innovative instruments.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Towards Nearly Zero Energy Buildings in Europe: A Focus on Retrofit in Non-Residential Buildings
Buildings are the focus of European (EU) policies aimed at a sustainable and competitive low-carbon economy by 2020.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Implementing sustainability in the built environment
This report presents the outcomes of a pilot study exploring how the building and planning system is delivering a sustainable built environment in Australia.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Buildings: investing in energy and resource efficiency
Key messages 1. The Buildings sector of today has an oversized ecological footprint. The buildings sector is the single largest contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), with approximately one third of global energy end use taking place within buildings.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
ENERGY IN BUILDINGs: 50 BEST PRACTICE INITIATIVES
The Clean Energy Finance Corporation (CEFC) commissioned Energy in Buildings: 50 Best Practice Initiatives as a practical, user-friendly resource for property owners and managers, hoping that this will lead to greater awareness and implementation of initiatives across the property industry to red
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Residential energy efficiency standards in Australia: where to next?
Increasing the energy and carbon efficiency of homes has been at the forefront of international climate change mitigation policy.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Accrued Disposable Income
Best Practice Policy and Regulation for Low Carbon Outcomes in the Built Environment
This study compares and contrasts Australian and global best practices in policy and regulation for the energy and carbon performance of the built environment. It examines the drivers and opportunities for, and barriers to, the adoption of best practices in Australia.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Accrued Disposable Income
Assessing cost-optimal levels within the new Energy Performance of Buildings Directive
The recast of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD, 2010/31/EU) requires Member States to introduce minimum energy performance requirements for buildings, building elements and technical building systems and set these requirements based on a cost-optimal methodology.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Transition to Sustainable Buildings: Strategies and Opportunities to 2050
Buildings are the largest energy consuming sector in the world. Accounting for over one-third of total final energy consumption, they are an equally important source of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Paving a Concrete Path to Globalization with China's Belt and Road Initiative Through the Middle East
This article discusses China's economic development and political influence in the Middle East, and the construction of China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Instrument interactions and relationships in policy mixes: Achieving complementarity in building energy efficiency policies in New York, Sydney and Tokyo
Cities are crucial sites for achieving socio-technical transitions in technology and infrastructure systems.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Driving Transformation to Energy Efficient Buildings, Policies and Actions: 2nd Edition
The UN Sustainable Energy for All initiative aims to double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency by 2030.i Efficient buildings are vital to achieving sustainable development because they align economic, social, and environmental objectives, creating triple bottom line benefits.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The Operating Expense Puzzle of U.S. Green Office Buildings
Cost savings from efficiency gains are at the core of the green building business case. Significantly lower energy bills are said to be a major factor in the green rent premium observed in earlier studies.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Energy Efficiency – the first fuel for the EU Economy: How to drive new finance for energy efficiency investments
The Energy Efficiency Financial Institutions Group (“EFFIG”) identifies the need to engage multiple stakeholder groups, scale-up the use of several financial instruments within a clear and enforced “carrot and stick” legislative framework.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Re-thinking energy efficiency in European policy: Practitioners' use of ‘multiple benefits’ arguments
There is increasing interest in the idea that energy efficiency has economic, environmental and social impacts beyond energy and cost saving - a ‘multiple benefits’ perspective.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The Macroeconomic and Other Benefits of Energy Efficiency
This report sets out the positive and negative impacts of improvements in energy efficiency in buildings that could come about through a recast of the Energy Performance Buildings Directive (EPBD).
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
ADOPTING DECARBONIZATION POLICIES FOR THE BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTION SECTOR: Cost and Benefits
The building sector is not on track to lower total greenhouse gas emissions. Given that emissions from the sector represent nearly 40% of global energy-and process-related emissions, this represents a serious challenge to keeping global warming to 1.5oC.
- Policy Group(s):
- Accrued Disposable Income
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
Factors Influencing U.S. Homebuilders’ Adoption of Green Homebuilding Products
While many researchers have analyzed the obstacles to the diffusion of innovation in building construction, little empirical evidence has been gathered about the factors associated with U.S. homebuilders’ adoption of innovative building products.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Assessment of Energy Efficiency Achievable from Improved Compliance with U.S. Building Energy Codes: 2013 – 2030
This report presents the results of a state-by-state analysis of the potential energy and cost savings from improving compliance with building energy codes to 100 percent from current levels.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
The path towards buildings energy efficiency in South American countries
Nowadays, energy efficiency (EE) is presented as a reliable strategy towards sustainable development, but its application has not been developed equitably worldwide, since most EE policies have been implemented in industrialised nations, and developing countries are still in the process of improv
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Making carbon pricing work for citizens
The gap between actual carbon prices and those required to achieve ambitious climate change mitigation could be closed by enhancing the public acceptability of carbon pricing through appropriate use of the revenues raised.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
A role for local government in global environmental governance and transnational environmental law from a subsidiarity perspective
This article advances a conceptual view of the role of local government in global environmental governance ('GEG') and the system of transnational environmental law ('TEL').
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Creditworthiness and climate: Identifying a hidden financial co-benefit of municipal climate adaptation and mitigation policies
Municipal policies can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and help to mitigate climate change. It is often unclear why cities would adopt such policies, however, given that the benefits from climate mitigation will be felt globally, rather than exclusively locally.
- Policy Group(s):
- Accrued Disposable Income
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
Characterisation of Nature-Based Solutions for the Built Environment
Nature has provided humankind with food, fuel, and shelter throughout evolutionary history. However, in contemporary cities, many natural landscapes have become degraded and replaced with impermeable hard surfaces (e.g., roads, paving, car parks and buildings).
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
NATIONAL ENERGY PRODUCTIVITY PLAN: ANNUAL REPORT
This Annual Report covers the second in a 15-year plan and shows that the NEPP has continued to progress well. Throughout 2017, measures across the work plan have advanced and many have achieved significant outcomes.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The Relevance of Green Building Practice in Emerging Markets: A Perceptual Analysis of Commercial and Industrial Building Users in Ibadan, Nigeria
In this study, we examine the operational challenges of existing green building related features/systems to develop hypotheses about factors that will increase the demand for green buildings.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Policy Challenges for the Built Environment: The Dilemma of the Existing Building Stock
The built environment accounts for approximately forty percent of the total energy consumption in developed countries. Because buildings have a long life, the greatest opportunity for energy reduction in the built environment will come from energy conservation in the existing building stock.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
The construction of Shenzhen׳s carbon emission trading scheme
The Shenzhen ETS is the first urban-level “cap-and-trade” carbon emissions trading scheme to operate in China. This paper gives an overview of the economic and emissions situation in Shenzhen and focuses on the development of the Shenzhen ETS regulatory framework.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Energy and Emissions in the Building Sector: A Comparison of Three Policies and Their Combinations
Standards, subsidies, and carbon taxes are among the measures often considered to reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in the buildings sector. Using a modeling system developed by the U.S.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Accrued Disposable Income
Review of 10 years research on building energy performance gap: Life-cycle and stakeholder perspectives
The reliability, security, and sustainability of energy generation and supply are of global importance and the building sector accounts for up to 32% of total energy consumption, which makes it a key player in the domain.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Role of knowledge and policies as drivers for low-energy housing: Case studies from the United Kingdom
Addressing housing-related energy consumption and emissions is a challenge in many countries. Low-energy housing, e.g. whole house retrofits and zero-energy new houses, is still rare in the United Kingdom, yet very much required to reduce emissions.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Why do homeowners renovate energy efficiently? Contrasting perspectives and implications for policy
This paper contrasts two perspectives on energy efficient home renovations from applied behavioural research on energy efficiency and from sociological research on homes and domestic life.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
USING DATA FOR POLICY: A MANUAL FOR C40 CITIES
This manual provides guidance and best practices on how to use data for developing and implementing policy on building energy efficiency. The primary audience for this manual are the C40 cities in the Private Building Efficiency (PBE) network and the Municipal Building Efficiency (MBE) network.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Improving building energy efficiency in India: State-level analysis of building energy efficiency policies
India is expected to add 40 billion m2 of new buildings till 2050. Buildings are responsible for one third of India's total energy consumption today and building energy use is expected to continue growing driven by rapid income and population growth.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Diffusion of energy efficiency technologies in European residential buildings: A bibliometric analysis
Many studies have investigated different aspects in the decarbonisation of the European housing stock. However, a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the literature on the diffusion of energy efficiency technologies is still missing.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
System dynamics modeling for urban energy consumption and CO2 emissions: A case study of Beijing, China
It is clear that city must be part of the solution if an urbanizing world is to grapple successfully with ecological challenges such as energy depletion and climate change.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Aiming for mediocrity: The case of australian housing thermal performance
Concerns about climate change, energy security and energy productivity are driving countries to improve energy and thermal efficiency of their housing.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Benefits of energy efficiency programs for residential buildings in Bahrain
This paper outlines the approach and the cost-effectiveness potential for designing and retrofitting residential buildings to be energy-efficient in Bahrain. The analysis is focused on residential buildings since these buildings consume over 48% of the total electricity used in Bahrain.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Accrued Disposable Income
Boosting building renovation: An overview of good practices
The main aim of this report is to contribute to the exchange of good practices and to support EU MS by providing potential ideas for the elaboration of long-term renovation plans.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Implementing the cost-optimal methodology in EU countries
This study presents three cost-optimal calculations. The overall aim is to provide a deeper analysis and to provide additional guidance on how to properly implement the cost-optimality methodology in Member States.
- Policy Group(s):
- Accrued Disposable Income
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
Urban Efficiency: A Global Survey of Building Energy Efficiency Policies in Cities
A Global Survey of Building Energy Efficiency Policies in Cities is a resource for city officials around the world as they design new policies for building energy efficiency, or review existing ones.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Developing a methodology for the ex-post assessment of Building Energy Efficiency Special Planning in Beijing during the 12th Five-Year Plan” period
In order to carry out an ex-post assessment of the completed Building Energy Efficiency Special Planning, a comprehensive ex-post assessment methodology is established.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Decarbonisation Futures: Solutions, actions and benchmarks for a net zero emissions Australia
Decarbonisation Futures provides a guide for Australian government and business decision makers on priority technologies, deployment pathways and benchmarks for achieving net zero emissions.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Saving energy is not easy: An impact assessment of Dutch policy to reduce the energy requirements of buildings
The Dutch Government stimulates the application of energy efficiency measures to reduce the energy requirements of buildings, which are responsible for about 20% of the Dutch CO2 emissions. For our assessment, we followed a qualitative approach, due to a lack of data.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Report from France on the transposition of Article 7 of Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency
Under Article 7(1) of the Directive, France must make annual savings of 1.5 % of energy sales to end consumers compared to the average for 2010-12.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Energy efficiency in the residential sector: identification of promising policy instruments and private initiatives among selected European countries
Improving residential energy efficiency is widely recognised as one of the best strategies for reducing energy demand, combating climate change, and increasing security of energy supply.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Key Issues in Buildings Energy Efficiency Programs
The EU and Australia have instituted significant new public policies to promote energy efficiency in the “built environment.” Many of these public policies were motivated by the same concerns that led to the pioneering voluntary initiatives of Green Building Councils (especially the LEED design c
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
ENERGY PRODUCTIVITY PLAYBOOK Roadmaps for an Energy Productive Future
This document is a tool designed to help organizations and policymakers around the world craft their own Roadmaps—published documents that detail the economic, jobs, environmental and security benefits of doubling energy productivity—that clearly articulate a target date for doubling energy produ
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Rethinking energy demand governance: Exploring impact beyond ‘energy’ policy
The challenges of climate change and energy security, along with problems of fuel poverty and energy justice bring imperatives to create transitions in energy demand.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Energy productivity analysis framework for buildings: a case study of GCC region
A new analysis framework is developed and applied to assess the benefits of building energy efficiency policies and programs.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
A statistical analysis of the energy effectiveness of building refurbishment
Owing to the rapid urban growth of past decades, the refurbishment of buildings has become a central topic of city development. A key aspect of building renovations deals with energy saving, both for economic and environmental concerns.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Overcoming the split incentive barrier in the building sector
A JRC workshop on split incentives organised in the framework of article 19(1)(a) of the Energy Efficiency Directive (Directive) has been organised in order to examine current solutions addressing split incentives in the building sector in Europe and beyond.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Analysis and recommendations for building energy efficiency financing in Malaysia
This paper provides an overview of the Malaysian Energy Efficiency regulatory framework as well as current financing and incentive mechanisms available to the building sector.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Mobilizing private finance for low-carbon innovation – A systematic review of barriers and solutions
This paper analyses the field of innovation studies regarding barriers to low-carbon innovation and consequences for finance (investment and divestment) and contributes to a more holistic understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
A framework for assessing and implementing the co-benefits of nature-based solutions in urban areas
To address challenges associated with climate resilience, health and well-being in urban areas, current policy platforms are shifting their focus from ecosystem-based to nature-based solutions (NBS), broadly defined as solutions to societal challenges that are inspired and supported by nature.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Nature-based solutions for resilient landscapes and cities
Nature-based solutions (NBS) are increasingly applied to guide the design of resilient landscapes and cities to enable them to reach economic development goals with beneficial outcomes for the environment and society.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
National Energy Productivity Plan: Work Plan
The National Energy Productivity Plan (NEPP) is a package of measures to improve Australia’s energy productivity by 40% between 2015 and 2030. The NEPP is delivered jointly between the Australian Government and the state and territory governments.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
BUILDING A GREEN NEW YORK: Construction Unions and Community Alliances
This chapter examines the experience of construction unions and community organizations as they enter into strategic alliances to create new markets in energy efficient systems.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Accrued Disposable Income
Cooler coalitions for a warmer planet: A review of political strategies for accelerating energy transitions
The lack of progress on greenhouse-gas reduction at the global level has drawn attention to the need to strengthen support for energy-transition policies. One crucial component of such support is a better understanding of the political strategy of coalitions that support such policies.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Mind the gap: A social sciences review of energy efficiency
Energy efficiency is a complex concept which is represented in diverse fields including engineering, economics, energy, computer sciences, environmental sciences, mathematics and physics.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
A global review of energy consumption, CO2 emissions and policy in the residential sector (with an overview of the top ten CO2 emitting countries)
Climate change and global warming as the main human societies’ threats are fundamentally associated with energy consumption and GHG emissions.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The Impact of Green Building Labels on the Price of Housing: Evidence from China
This paper focuses on the willingness to pay for green housing in China. First, we introduce green building related labels in China and briefly discuss the consumers’ incentives to buy this kind of building.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Urban Form Compaction and Energy Use Intensity in New Social Housing Neighborhoods in the UAE
With increasing global awareness of sustainable development, federal and local authorities in the UAE have developed agendas for energy efficiency in all development sectors, especially for buildings and urban development.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Demand for Green Buildings: Office Tenants' Stated Willingness-to-Pay for Green Features
In this study, we analyze the demand for green office building features among office tenants in the United States. An online survey of a random sample of office tenants in 17 major U.S. markets is employed.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The international implications of national and local coordination on building energy codes: Case studies in six cities
Building energy efficiency is an important strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions globally. In fact, 55 countries have included building energy efficiency in their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Analysis of the transition effects of building codes and regulations on the emergence of a low carbon residential building sector
It is now established that energy use in buildings is a significant source of global greenhouse gas emissions and that abatement by the building sector can provide significant social, economic and environmental benefits.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Beyond an ‘informed opinion’: evidence-based practice in the built environment
This study examines the sources of evidence that influence decision-makers who design or develop office buildings, and aims to explain why some managers engage more in evidence-based practice (EBP) than others.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Accrued Disposable Income
Public health co-benefits of greenhouse gas emissions reduction: A systematic review
Public health co-benefits from curbing climate change can make greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation strategies more attractive and increase their implementation.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY POLICIES: BEST PRACTICE POLICIES AND POLICY PACKAGES
The review of policies being implemented in China, the EU, India and the US presented in this report has also identified some key challenges that we must address if we are going to realize the mitigation potential of the building sector.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
Improving the economics of building energy code change: A review of the inputs and assumptions of economic models
Building energy code change in Australia, and many other developed nations, is subject to standardised economic tests, with a net present value calculation at the heart of the economic analysis.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Internal and external barriers to energy efficiency: which role for policy interventions?
This paper reviews the empirical literature that provides a correlation between the different barriers to energy efficiency and consumer behavior related to two domains.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Evaluating policy instruments to foster energy efficiency for the sustainable transformation of buildings
Energy efficiency policies have the unique capacity to contribute to a more sustainable energy future at an economic net benefit even when co-benefits are not included in the evaluations.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Building governance and climate change: roles for regulation and related policies
The contribution of buildings to climate change has become widely acknowledged. On 3 December 2015, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) held the first ‘buildings day’ at COP 21 (the UN Climate Change Conference) devoted to the decarbonization of the building stock.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Analysis on the carbon trading approach in promoting sustainable buildings in China
With the high growth urbanization and increasing new urban population, the huge demand for infrastructures and dwellings has become a great challenge for the sustainable development in Chinese cities.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
A comprehensive analysis of building energy efficiency policies in China: status quo and development perspective
This article is concerned with a comprehensive analysis of building energy efficiency policies in light of improvements in energy performance, living standards and climate change mitigation in China's built environment.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The impact of climate variability and change on the energy system: A systematic scoping review
The energy system is a vital infrastructure which can be vulnerable to climate variability and change (CV&C) impacts. Understanding the impacts can prevent disruption and inform policy decision making.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
How affordable housing becomes more sustainable? A stakeholder study
Rapid urbanization poses a significant challenge of accommodating the poor, particularly in developing countries such as China where affordable housing has only been initiated a few years ago and will continue to be developed in the coming years.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Setting a standard for electricity pilot studies
In-home displays, dynamic pricing, and automated devices aim to reduce residential electricity use—overall and during peak hours. We present a meta-analysis of 32 studies of the impacts of these interventions, conducted in the US or Canada.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Costs and benefits of Energy Efficiency Obligations: A review of European programmes
The economics of energy efficiency programmes have been subject to considerable academic debate lasting well over three decades now.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Energy efficiency obligation schemes: their future in the EU
EU member states have been encouraged to introduce energy efficiency obligation schemes (EEOS) to help meet energy saving objectives. As a result, there are now 15 EU EEOS in existence, compared with just six prior to the introduction of the 2012 Energy Efficiency Directive.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Energy consumption and efficiency in buildings: current status and future trends
The building sector is considered as the biggest single contributor to world energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, a good understanding of the nature and structure of energy use in buildings is crucial for establishing the adequate future energy and climate change policies.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Cost effectiveness assessment and beyond: A study on energy efficiency interventions in Greek residential building stock
Nearly zero energy buildings (NZEBs) constitute one of the main pillars of the energy policy of European Union (EU).
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
How Much? The Cost of Alleviating Fuel Poverty
Tackling fuel poverty requires significant capital investment, but it is also important to ensure that measures are directed at those who most need them in order to optimise the outcomes with regard to policy objectives.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Mapping the knowledge roadmap of low carbon building: A scientometric analysis
Due to global climate change, carbon reduction has become a critical issue for the construction industry. Low carbon building has been adopted as a strategic objective, and its implementation demonstrates the enormous potential of reducing carbon emissions.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
From Brown to Green: SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS IN LEGACY CITIES
The research examines the installation of sustainable (green) property development, typified by Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification in legacy cities in comparison to non-legacy cities.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The price of innovation: An analysis of the marginal cost of green buildings
Energy efficiency plays an important role in reducing the carbon externality from buildings, but economic analyses of more efficient, green building have thus far ignored input costs.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Motivating stakeholders to deliver change: Tokyo's Cap-and-Trade Program
In April 2010 the Tokyo Metropolitan Government launched the Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Program to reduce energy consumption-related CO2 emissions at the city level. This is the world's first cap-and-trade programme to cover buildings in the commercial, industrial and public sectors.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Accrued Disposable Income
Nature-Based Solutions in the EU: Innovating with nature to address social, economic and environmental challenges
Contemporary societies are facing a broad range of challenges, from pressures on human health and well-being to natural capital depletion, and the security of food, water and energy.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Ecosystem based adaptation : knowledge gaps in making an economic case for investing in nature based solutions for climate change
Ecosystem-based adaptation (Eba) uses biodiversity and ecosystem services as part of a larger adaptation strategy to climate change.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Unlocking the Inclusive Growth Story of the 21st Century: Accelerating Climate Action in Urgent Times
Pricing carbon and moving toward mandatory disclosure of climate-related financial risks, as part of a broader policy package. Accelerating investment in sustainable infrastructure, supported by clear national and sub-national strategies and programmes.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
A review of net zero energy buildings in hot and humid climates: Experience learned from 34 case study buildings
Sustainable development in the building sector requires the integration of energy efficiency and renewable energy utilization in buildings.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
The application of renewable energy to social housing: A systematic review
Low-income housing associations provide a unique opportunity for renewable energy installations, through potential scale of implementation sites, and in reducing social and financial costs to tenants.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Handbook of Sustainable Building Policies
A practical decision support pack to aid policy makers and experts in developing countries.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Evaluating the effects of policy innovations: Lessons from a systematic review of policies promoting low-carbon technology
We report on an original systematic review of 165 empirical, ex post studies examining policies that promote the development and use of low-carbon technologies.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Trajectory for Low Energy Buildings - Infrastructure and Customer Impacts
Proposed changes flowing from the former Council of Australian Government’s Trajectory for Low Energy Buildings project1 (the trajectory) are expected to reduce annual electricity consumption of new and refurbished residential and commercial premises by 36 TWh by 2050, compared to current standar
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Energy efficiency in U.S. residential rental housing: Adoption rates and impact on rent
For 118 million residential housing units in the U.S., there is currently a gap between the potential energy savings that can be achieved through the use of existing energy efficiency technologies, and the actual level of energy savings realized, particularly for the 37% of housing units that are
- Policy Group(s):
- Accrued Disposable Income
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
Willingness to Pay for Green Buildings: Empirical Evidence from Switzerland
The demand for green buildings and to what extent firms will pay a premium price compared to conventional buildings is a lively debate. Policy instruments like the Swiss CO2-enactment and the Swiss Building Program encourage and incentivize investments in energy-efficient properties.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
Focused acceleration: A strategic approach to climate action in cities to 2030
There is now widespread recognition in the international community that the commitments made by national governments under the Paris Climate Agreement in 2015 cannot be achieved without concerted action by cities.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Standards and policies for very high energy efficiency in the urban building sector towards reaching the 1.5°C target
Reliably reducing the emissions in the building sector plays a crucial role if the 1.5°C climate target from the Paris Agreement is to be met. The observed trends show a significant increase in building energy use, especially in emerging economies.
- Policy Group(s):
- Accrued Disposable Income
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
Policy strategies for achieving large long-term savings from retrofitting existing buildings
In order to achieve long-term targets for energy savings and emission reductions, substantial savings will be needed from existing buildings.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Accrued Disposable Income
Mitigating Information Barrier
Analysis of the transition effects of building codes and regulations on the emergence of a low carbon residential building sector
It is now established that energy use in buildings is a significant source of global greenhouse gas emissions and that abatement by the building sector can provide significant social, economic and environmental benefits.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Diffusion of energy efficiency technologies in European residential buildings: A bibliometric analysis
Many studies have investigated different aspects in the decarbonisation of the European housing stock. However, a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the literature on the diffusion of energy efficiency technologies is still missing.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
A Co-Citation Analysis on Thermal Comfort and Productivity Aspects in Production and Office Buildings
In this work, the literature about the relationship between thermal comfort and productivity in workplaces is reviewed and explored by means of a co-citation analysis—i.e., a factor analysis applied to the mutual citations of the most relevant contributions.
- Policy Group(s):
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Flexibility versus certainty: The experience of mandating a building sustainability index to deliver thermally comfortable homes
Globally, building energy regulation has been an effective policy instrument for reducing energy use and carbon emissions. In Australia, the majority of regions address building performance through the National Construction Code.
- Policy Group(s):
- Mitigating Information Barrier
INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATING SCHEMES
This project, “International Review of Residential Building Energy Efficiency Rating Schemes”, is the fifth project in a series of work conducted through the Building Energy Efficiency Task Group (BEET), under the International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation (IPEEC).
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
CHAPTER 7 CONSTRUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE: OVERCOMING ROADBLOCKS TO ACHIEVING GREEN WORKFORCE COMPETENCIES
This document is Chapter 7 of Work in a Warming World, edited by Carla Lipsig-Mummé and Stephen McBride. Chapter 7 discusses the critical role of labour in addressing climate change.
- Policy Group(s):
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Instrument interactions and relationships in policy mixes: Achieving complementarity in building energy efficiency policies in New York, Sydney and Tokyo
Cities are crucial sites for achieving socio-technical transitions in technology and infrastructure systems.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Saving energy is not easy: An impact assessment of Dutch policy to reduce the energy requirements of buildings
The Dutch Government stimulates the application of energy efficiency measures to reduce the energy requirements of buildings, which are responsible for about 20% of the Dutch CO2 emissions. For our assessment, we followed a qualitative approach, due to a lack of data.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
REVIEW OF COSTS AND BENEFITS OF ENERGY SAVINGS: Task 1 Report ‘Energy Savings 2030’
This report is the first report of the ‘Energy Savings 2030’-project which seeks to help the Coalition for Energy Savings to produce a robust and timely input to the 2030 policy discussion.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Re-thinking energy efficiency in European policy: Practitioners' use of ‘multiple benefits’ arguments
There is increasing interest in the idea that energy efficiency has economic, environmental and social impacts beyond energy and cost saving - a ‘multiple benefits’ perspective.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The Macroeconomic and Other Benefits of Energy Efficiency
This report sets out the positive and negative impacts of improvements in energy efficiency in buildings that could come about through a recast of the Energy Performance Buildings Directive (EPBD).
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Scientometric review of global research trends on green buildings in construction journals from 1992 to 2018
Following the 1960s environmental movement and the energy crisis in the 70s, evidence spurred research on renewable energy and energy efficiency practices.
- Policy Group(s):
- Mitigating Information Barrier
A statistical analysis of the energy effectiveness of building refurbishment
Owing to the rapid urban growth of past decades, the refurbishment of buildings has become a central topic of city development. A key aspect of building renovations deals with energy saving, both for economic and environmental concerns.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
ARE BUILDING CODES EFFECTIVE AT SAVING ENERGY? EVIDENCE FROM RESIDENTIAL BILLING DATA IN FLORIDA
We evaluate the effect of a change in the energy code applied to buildings using residential billing data on electricity and natural gas, combined with data on observable characteristics of each residence.
- Policy Group(s):
- Mitigating Information Barrier
A framework for assessing and implementing the co-benefits of nature-based solutions in urban areas
To address challenges associated with climate resilience, health and well-being in urban areas, current policy platforms are shifting their focus from ecosystem-based to nature-based solutions (NBS), broadly defined as solutions to societal challenges that are inspired and supported by nature.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The Relevance of Green Building Practice in Emerging Markets: A Perceptual Analysis of Commercial and Industrial Building Users in Ibadan, Nigeria
In this study, we examine the operational challenges of existing green building related features/systems to develop hypotheses about factors that will increase the demand for green buildings.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Review of Green Building Index (GBI) in Malaysia
In recent years, global warming has been a major issue in every country all over the world which has yet to be resolved.
- Policy Group(s):
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Evaluating the effects of policy innovations: Lessons from a systematic review of policies promoting low-carbon technology
We report on an original systematic review of 165 empirical, ex post studies examining policies that promote the development and use of low-carbon technologies.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Role of knowledge and policies as drivers for low-energy housing: Case studies from the United Kingdom
Addressing housing-related energy consumption and emissions is a challenge in many countries. Low-energy housing, e.g. whole house retrofits and zero-energy new houses, is still rare in the United Kingdom, yet very much required to reduce emissions.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Demand for Green Buildings: Office Tenants' Stated Willingness-to-Pay for Green Features
In this study, we analyze the demand for green office building features among office tenants in the United States. An online survey of a random sample of office tenants in 17 major U.S. markets is employed.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Towards Nearly Zero Energy Buildings in Europe: A Focus on Retrofit in Non-Residential Buildings
Buildings are the focus of European (EU) policies aimed at a sustainable and competitive low-carbon economy by 2020.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Public health co-benefits of greenhouse gas emissions reduction: A systematic review
Public health co-benefits from curbing climate change can make greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation strategies more attractive and increase their implementation.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
ADDRESSING FINANCIAL OBJECTIONS TO SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
This article provides useful information that could help you address some barriers to sustainable initiatives: Every executive that you speak to is aware that data can be manipulated and may be skeptical of studies conducted by organizations that could benefit from a particular set of results.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Aiming for mediocrity: The case of australian housing thermal performance
Concerns about climate change, energy security and energy productivity are driving countries to improve energy and thermal efficiency of their housing.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Boosting building renovation: An overview of good practices
The main aim of this report is to contribute to the exchange of good practices and to support EU MS by providing potential ideas for the elaboration of long-term renovation plans.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Developing a methodology for the ex-post assessment of Building Energy Efficiency Special Planning in Beijing during the 12th Five-Year Plan” period
In order to carry out an ex-post assessment of the completed Building Energy Efficiency Special Planning, a comprehensive ex-post assessment methodology is established.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The impact of climate variability and change on the energy system: A systematic scoping review
The energy system is a vital infrastructure which can be vulnerable to climate variability and change (CV&C) impacts. Understanding the impacts can prevent disruption and inform policy decision making.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
BEST POLICY PRACTICES FOR PROMOTING ENERGY EFFICIENCY
The United Nations General Assembly declared 2014-2024 as the International Decade of Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All), following the UN Secretary General’s initiative and emphasizing the importance of energy issues for sustainable development.
- Policy Group(s):
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Energy Efficiency – the first fuel for the EU Economy: How to drive new finance for energy efficiency investments
The Energy Efficiency Financial Institutions Group (“EFFIG”) identifies the need to engage multiple stakeholder groups, scale-up the use of several financial instruments within a clear and enforced “carrot and stick” legislative framework.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Key Issues in Buildings Energy Efficiency Programs
The EU and Australia have instituted significant new public policies to promote energy efficiency in the “built environment.” Many of these public policies were motivated by the same concerns that led to the pioneering voluntary initiatives of Green Building Councils (especially the LEED design c
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
ENERGY PRODUCTIVITY PLAYBOOK Roadmaps for an Energy Productive Future
This document is a tool designed to help organizations and policymakers around the world craft their own Roadmaps—published documents that detail the economic, jobs, environmental and security benefits of doubling energy productivity—that clearly articulate a target date for doubling energy produ
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Energy productivity analysis framework for buildings: a case study of GCC region
A new analysis framework is developed and applied to assess the benefits of building energy efficiency policies and programs.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
The social return on investment in the energy efficiency of buildings in Germany
The German government has developed a variety of policy instruments intended to reduce national CO2 emissions. These instruments include a programme administered by KfW bank, which aims at improving the energy efficiency of buildings.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
A role for local government in global environmental governance and transnational environmental law from a subsidiarity perspective
This article advances a conceptual view of the role of local government in global environmental governance ('GEG') and the system of transnational environmental law ('TEL').
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
NATIONAL ENERGY PRODUCTIVITY PLAN: ANNUAL REPORT
This Annual Report covers the second in a 15-year plan and shows that the NEPP has continued to progress well. Throughout 2017, measures across the work plan have advanced and many have achieved significant outcomes.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Policy Challenges for the Built Environment: The Dilemma of the Existing Building Stock
The built environment accounts for approximately forty percent of the total energy consumption in developed countries. Because buildings have a long life, the greatest opportunity for energy reduction in the built environment will come from energy conservation in the existing building stock.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Mind the gap: A social sciences review of energy efficiency
Energy efficiency is a complex concept which is represented in diverse fields including engineering, economics, energy, computer sciences, environmental sciences, mathematics and physics.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Review of 10 years research on building energy performance gap: Life-cycle and stakeholder perspectives
The reliability, security, and sustainability of energy generation and supply are of global importance and the building sector accounts for up to 32% of total energy consumption, which makes it a key player in the domain.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Urban Form Compaction and Energy Use Intensity in New Social Housing Neighborhoods in the UAE
With increasing global awareness of sustainable development, federal and local authorities in the UAE have developed agendas for energy efficiency in all development sectors, especially for buildings and urban development.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
The international implications of national and local coordination on building energy codes: Case studies in six cities
Building energy efficiency is an important strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions globally. In fact, 55 countries have included building energy efficiency in their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The role of economic and policy variables in energy-efficient retrofitting assessment. A stochastic Life Cycle Costing methodology
Energy saving is a major policy objective worldwide and in the EU in particular. Evaluating the convenience of energy-efficient investments, however, is complex.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
System dynamics modeling for urban energy consumption and CO2 emissions: A case study of Beijing, China
It is clear that city must be part of the solution if an urbanizing world is to grapple successfully with ecological challenges such as energy depletion and climate change.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
German and Norwegian policy approach to residential buildings’ energy efficiency—a comparative assessment
The paper answers three research questions: (1) Which policies prevail in Germany and Norway to foster the deployment of energy efficient and decarbonized solutions for residential buildings?
- Policy Group(s):
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Improving the economics of building energy code change: A review of the inputs and assumptions of economic models
Building energy code change in Australia, and many other developed nations, is subject to standardised economic tests, with a net present value calculation at the heart of the economic analysis.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Transition to Sustainable Buildings: Strategies and Opportunities to 2050
Buildings are the largest energy consuming sector in the world. Accounting for over one-third of total final energy consumption, they are an equally important source of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
A comprehensive analysis of building energy efficiency policies in China: status quo and development perspective
This article is concerned with a comprehensive analysis of building energy efficiency policies in light of improvements in energy performance, living standards and climate change mitigation in China's built environment.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Cost optimal building performance requirements
In the recast Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) adopted in May 2010, a benchmarking mechanism for national energy performance requirements was introduced.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Adoption of innovative energy systems in social housing: Lessons from eight large-scale renovation projects in The Netherlands
Thanks to new insights on the impacts that dwellings have throughout their life cycles, there has been increased attention to retrofitting innovative energy systems (IES) in existing housing.
- Policy Group(s):
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Ten questions concerning cost-effective energy and carbon emissions optimization in building renovation
In European countries, buildings are the major energy consumers due to the general low energy performance of the existing building stock. To achieve the ambitioned targets for emissions reduction, it will be necessary to take actions for its large scale renovation.
- Policy Group(s):
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Energy efficiency obligation schemes: their future in the EU
EU member states have been encouraged to introduce energy efficiency obligation schemes (EEOS) to help meet energy saving objectives. As a result, there are now 15 EU EEOS in existence, compared with just six prior to the introduction of the 2012 Energy Efficiency Directive.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Energy consumption and efficiency in buildings: current status and future trends
The building sector is considered as the biggest single contributor to world energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, a good understanding of the nature and structure of energy use in buildings is crucial for establishing the adequate future energy and climate change policies.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Past visions, current trends, and future context: A review of building energy, carbon, and sustainability
People spend most of their time inside buildings, and buildings are responsible for approximately one third of total direct and indirect energy-related worldwide carbon emissions. Likewise, buildings in the U.S. account for about 40% of total U.S. energy consumption.
- Policy Group(s):
- Mitigating Information Barrier
The path towards buildings energy efficiency in South American countries
Nowadays, energy efficiency (EE) is presented as a reliable strategy towards sustainable development, but its application has not been developed equitably worldwide, since most EE policies have been implemented in industrialised nations, and developing countries are still in the process of improv
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Mobilizing private finance for low-carbon innovation – A systematic review of barriers and solutions
This paper analyses the field of innovation studies regarding barriers to low-carbon innovation and consequences for finance (investment and divestment) and contributes to a more holistic understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
National Energy Productivity Plan: Work Plan
The National Energy Productivity Plan (NEPP) is a package of measures to improve Australia’s energy productivity by 40% between 2015 and 2030. The NEPP is delivered jointly between the Australian Government and the state and territory governments.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The impact of policy on residential energy consumption
Due to the growing concerns about global climate change and energy dependence, many countries have introduced regulations targeting the energy efficiency of the residential sector.
- Policy Group(s):
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Handbook of Sustainable Building Policies
A practical decision support pack to aid policy makers and experts in developing countries.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Trajectory for Low Energy Buildings - Infrastructure and Customer Impacts
Proposed changes flowing from the former Council of Australian Government’s Trajectory for Low Energy Buildings project1 (the trajectory) are expected to reduce annual electricity consumption of new and refurbished residential and commercial premises by 36 TWh by 2050, compared to current standar
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Heterogeneous Price Premiums in Sustainable Real Estate? An Investigation of the Relation between Value and Price Premiums
Focusing on the voluntary LEED and ENERGY STAR environmental certification schemes in the United States, we investigate whether price premiums exist across all building value categories or are localized to specific value segments.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Overview of State Policies for Energy Efficiency in Buildings
This paper introduces the major state-level regulations and policies for improving energy efficiency in buildings. The purpose of the review is to discuss the challenges and issues in policy implementation and the latest trend in adopting innovative instruments.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Implementing sustainability in the built environment
This report presents the outcomes of a pilot study exploring how the building and planning system is delivering a sustainable built environment in Australia.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Bridging the Gap - Role of energy efficiency
Since 2010, United Nations Environment (UNEP) has produced annual Emissions Gap Reports based on requests by countries for an independent scientific assessment of how actions and pledges by countries affect the global greenhouse gas emissions trend, and how this compares to emissions trajectories
- Policy Group(s):
- Mitigating Information Barrier
ENERGY IN BUILDINGs: 50 BEST PRACTICE INITIATIVES
The Clean Energy Finance Corporation (CEFC) commissioned Energy in Buildings: 50 Best Practice Initiatives as a practical, user-friendly resource for property owners and managers, hoping that this will lead to greater awareness and implementation of initiatives across the property industry to red
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Internal and external barriers to energy efficiency: which role for policy interventions?
This paper reviews the empirical literature that provides a correlation between the different barriers to energy efficiency and consumer behavior related to two domains.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Urban Efficiency: A Global Survey of Building Energy Efficiency Policies in Cities
A Global Survey of Building Energy Efficiency Policies in Cities is a resource for city officials around the world as they design new policies for building energy efficiency, or review existing ones.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Effect of implementing building energy efficiency labeling in China: A case study in Shanghai
The building energy efficiency labeling (BEEL) scheme has been adopted in China since 2008. However, until now, its effect on the actual building energy efficiency has not been accurately established.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
Driving Transformation to Energy Efficient Buildings, Policies and Actions: 2nd Edition
The UN Sustainable Energy for All initiative aims to double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency by 2030.i Efficient buildings are vital to achieving sustainable development because they align economic, social, and environmental objectives, creating triple bottom line benefits.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
The Operating Expense Puzzle of U.S. Green Office Buildings
Cost savings from efficiency gains are at the core of the green building business case. Significantly lower energy bills are said to be a major factor in the green rent premium observed in earlier studies.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Energy poverty policies and measures in 5 EU countries: A comparative study
Energy Poverty (EP) is the inability to attain a socially and materially necessitated level of domestic energy services. In the EU this occurs primarily due to low incomes, poor energy performance of buildings and high energy costs.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Costs and Benefits of Energy Efficiency Obligation Schemes
In 2009, the European Union adopted high-level goals for renewable energy, energy efficiency, and greenhouse gas reductions with targets set toward the year 2020.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
How to reduce household carbon emissions: A review of experience and policy design considerations
Global warming and environment problems caused by the excessive emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs), along with rapid economic development has attracted the attention of many countries and regions of the world. Reducing GHG emissions is essential to mitigate the threat of global warming.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
How Much? The Cost of Alleviating Fuel Poverty
Tackling fuel poverty requires significant capital investment, but it is also important to ensure that measures are directed at those who most need them in order to optimise the outcomes with regard to policy objectives.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
From Brown to Green: SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS IN LEGACY CITIES
The research examines the installation of sustainable (green) property development, typified by Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification in legacy cities in comparison to non-legacy cities.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Multiple benefits of investing in energy efficient renovation of buildings
The work carried out by Copenhagen Economics for the Renovate Europe Campaign broke new ground in the debate around the benefits of investing in energy efficiency and has, in several ways, advanced the EU agenda in this topic.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Unlocking the Inclusive Growth Story of the 21st Century: Accelerating Climate Action in Urgent Times
Pricing carbon and moving toward mandatory disclosure of climate-related financial risks, as part of a broader policy package. Accelerating investment in sustainable infrastructure, supported by clear national and sub-national strategies and programmes.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Macro-economic benefit analysis of large scale building energy efficiency programs in Qatar
This paper evaluates the economic, environmental, and social benefits of large-scale energy efficiency programs for new and existing buildings in Qatar.
- Policy Group(s):
- Mitigating Information Barrier
A global review of energy consumption, CO2 emissions and policy in the residential sector (with an overview of the top ten CO2 emitting countries)
Climate change and global warming as the main human societies’ threats are fundamentally associated with energy consumption and GHG emissions.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Energy efficiency as a means to expand energy access: A Uganda roadmap
While energy efficiency can contribute significantly towards improving access to modern energy services, energy sector investments in many developing countries have largely focused on increasing energy access by increasing supply.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Why do homeowners renovate energy efficiently? Contrasting perspectives and implications for policy
This paper contrasts two perspectives on energy efficient home renovations from applied behavioural research on energy efficiency and from sociological research on homes and domestic life.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Capital accumulation
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
Focused acceleration: A strategic approach to climate action in cities to 2030
There is now widespread recognition in the international community that the commitments made by national governments under the Paris Climate Agreement in 2015 cannot be achieved without concerted action by cities.
- Policy Group(s):
- Investment Driver
- Mitigating Information Barrier
- Accrued Disposable Income
